Sleep is the foundation of human physiological health and psychological health, as well as one of the basic needs for human survival. Sleep quality problems are prevalent in the population, and poor sleep quality is often closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life and may even result in a shortened lifespan, so that improving sleep health has become a real problem that needs to be solved urgently. Exercise, as an important non-pharmacological tool, has been widely used for sleep quality enhancement, while the efficacy of exercise on subjective and objective sleep with respect to individual sleep quality remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of exercise on subjective sleep quality and objective sleep efficiency in a non-athlete population, and to further rank the effectiveness of exercise types to provide appropriate means of exercise to improve sleep.

National estimates and trends in insomnia symptoms in Canada are outdated. Updates are needed to inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and trends in nighttime insomnia symptoms among Canadians aged 12 years and older between 2007 and 2021.

We analyze data of the prevalence of sleep disturbance among Chinese healthcare professionals and maintain that they increase Eastward, refining previous results. We suggest that position in time zone is a valid explanatory metric only after daily rhythms have been uniformed. On a more general note, this finding suggest that daylight saving time might help reduce sleep disturbance.

Mean disease alleviation measures the effectiveness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) treatments. It combines a patient's adherence to treatment normalized to their total sleep time and the treatment's efficacy as determined by the change in the apnea-hypopnea index. This metric fails to capture the patient's OSA-related symptoms, which are a key component and, in some cases, the primary component, of determining response to treatment. We propose an enhanced metric called three-dimensional mean disease alleviation (3D-MDA), which incorporates the symptom response to better reflect the true treatment impact. RESULTS: The proposed 3D-MDA metric aims to provide a more comprehensive assessment of OSA treatment effectiveness by integrating the subjective impact, therapy adherence, and objective efficacy. Further, 3D-MDA is adaptable over time as the optimal metrics for these categories continue to evolve.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly used in infants. However, the limited number of commercially masks available for infants is challenging. The use of the Optiflow™ nasal cannula (Fisher & Paykel) with a regular CPAP device has been recently reported for chronic CPAP in children, with an objective improvement in polysomnographic events. However, this interface has not been used in young infants. We report here our experience of 4 infants aged between 3 and 8 weeks, who were treated with home CPAP with the Optiflow™ nasal cannula during a few months, before they could be successfully weaned. This pilot study reinforces the findings of the beneficial use of this nasal cannula in very young infants in whom nasal masks are scarce and not always suitably adapted. However, as this interface is not intended to be used with home CPAP, further studies are necessary to prove its clinical benefice and safety of use with home CPAP devices.

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly based on the assessment of motor symptoms, although the influence of non-motor symptoms sometimes may be more significant on the patient's disability than the cardinal clinical signs of the disease. The predominant subtype of postural instability and gait disturbance is known to be associated with more severe non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Yet, the association between motor subtypes and specific mood symptoms remains understudied. The study aimed to analyze an association between sleep and chronotype signs, motor subtypes, with the severity of depressive symptoms in PD patients.

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder currently diagnosed based on clinical features only, and characterized by a compulsive urge to move the legs triggered by rest or diminished arousal. This systematic review aimed at integrating all current brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities for a convergent pathophysiological understanding of RLS phenomenology.

To evaluate factors associated with feeling supported in adjusting to life when diagnosed with narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia.

The decline in sleep quality induced by hypoxia is the main environmental exposure risk affecting the physiological health of high-altitude residents. The long-term effects of oxygen therapy on the sleep quality and health of highlanders remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of chronic oxygen therapy on sleep and health, providing a scientific basis for the establishment of regional centralized oxygen supply and the implementation of health regulations to improve sleep quality and health in plateau areas.

Performing simulated snoring (SS) is a commonly used method to evaluate the source of snoring in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). SS sounds is considered as a potential biomarker for OSA. SS sounds can be easily recorded, which is a cost-effective method for prescreening purposes.

What are young children trying to express when they cry at night? According to Sadeh, parental beliefs about why their child is crying may play a role in the development and persistence of their child's insomnia. The aim of this study was to create a scale that specifically assesses these parental interpretations in different dimensions.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is widely used in children. The spontaneous/timed (S/T) mode is the most common used mode for home NIV. Different devices are available, and the manufacturers are free to name the modes and define the settings, with no regulation. In particular, the definitions of the trigger sensitivities still differ between manufacturers and/or devices. The inspiratory trigger (TgI) sensitivity may be set according to a numerical or word-rating scale, while the expiratory trigger (TgE) sensitivity may be set as a percentage of the peak inspiratory flow, or using a numerical or word rating scale which correspond to specific predefined percentages of inspiratory flow. Moreover, the TgE sensitivity may be set according to the peak inspiratory flow or to the diminution of peak inspiratory flow, which may be very confusing. Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) may be due to an inadequate comprehension of the settings by the user, which is challenging. We report here the cases of four children and adolescents with an incorrect setting of the TgI and/or TgE, leading to PVA. This pleads for a harmonization of the definitions of the settings, and in particular of the trigger sensitivities. In the meanwhile, NIV professionals should be aware of the different definitions to avoid setting errors leading to PVA.

Cortical hyperarousal has been proposed as a primary underlying mechanism for insomnia disorder. However, most evidence comes from nighttime sleep and whether patients with insomnia disorder have cortical hyperarousal through the 24-h sleep/wake cycle is not resolved.

Neuroimaging studies have revealed disturbances in brain functional connectivity (FC) after one night of sleep deprivation (SD). These researches explored the alterations of FC using classical regions of interest (ROI)-based analysis or functional connectivity density. However, these methods need for a priori information about the selected ROIs and a specific correlation threshold to define a connection between two ROIs or voxels, which may bring inconsistent results. In the present study, we adopted a data-driven, whole brain voxel-based graph-theoretical approach, intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD) analysis, to examine changes of brain connectivity after SD in 52 normal young subjects without any prior knowledge. The cross-hemisphere ICD (ch-ICD) analysis was also performed to discover the effect of SD on cerebral lateralization. We found that sleep-deprived subjects showed significant reduced ICD in default mode network (DMN) and limbic network, and increased ICD in sensorimotor network. Furthermore, after SD, the ICD in the right precuneus showed significant correlation with psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) performance following the stepwise regression analysis after Bonferroni correction (ICD = 0.43 - 0.62∗10 % fast reaction time + 0.31∗the standard deviation of reaction time, p = 0.0012). Follow-up seed-based FC analyses in the right precuneus revealed decreased FC to regions in DMN, visual network, ventral attentional network and frontal-parietal network. Nevertheless, no striking difference of ch-ICD was found following SD. In conclusion, these findings suggested that DMN, especially precuneus may be hubs of FC disturbances associated with vigilance after SD, and may provide new insights into the intervention for SD.

Falls are a major cause of hospitalization fractures and functional decline in older adults. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent sleep breathing disorder in older adults, has emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor for falls. A small number of uncontrolled studies suggest OSA therapy by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may reduce fall risk. We aim to describe the design of a randomized clinical trial that will evaluate if six months of CPAP intervention can significantly reduce fall risk markers in older adults with OSA.

The relationship between daytime napping and depression remains debatable. Thus, we investigated whether daytime napping is associated with depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder.

Sleep alterations are hallmarks of prodromal Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), with fundamental neuropathological processes of both diseases showing susceptibility of change upon deep sleep modulation. However, promising pharmacological deep sleep enhancement results are hindered by specificity and scalability issues, thus advocating for noninvasive slow-wave activity (SWA) boosting methods to investigate the links between deep sleep and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, we have recently introduced mouse closed-loop auditory stimulation (mCLAS), which is able to successfully boost SWA during deep sleep in neurodegeneration models. Here, we aim at further exploring mCLAS' acute effect onto disease-specific sleep and wake alterations in AD (Tg2576) and PD (M83) mice. We found that mCLAS adaptively rescues pathological sleep and wake traits depending on the disease-specific impairments observed at baseline in each model. Notably, in AD mice mCLAS significantly increases NREM long/short bout ratio, decreases vigilance state distances by decreasing transition velocities and increases the percentage of cumulative time spent in NREM sleep in the last 3h of the dark period. Contrastingly, in PD mice mCLAS significantly decreases NREM sleep consolidation, by potentiating faster and more frequent transitions between vigilance states, decreases average EMG muscle tone during REM sleep and increases alpha power in WAKE and NREM sleep. Overall, our results indicate that mCLAS selectively prompts an acute alleviation of neurodegeneration-associated sleep and wake phenotypes, by either potentiating sleep consolidation and vigilance state stability in AD or by rescuing bradysomnia and decreasing cortical hyperexcitability in PD. Further experiments assessing the electrophysiological, neuropathological and behavioural long-term effects of mCLAS in neurodegeneration may majorly impact the clinical establishment of sleep-based therapies.

The underlying mechanism for the association between sleep restriction (SR) and unfavorable cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the effect of 5-night experimental SR on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive function in adolescents.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to long-term neurological and psychological effects, including sleep disturbances. While prior studies have identified altered brain function post-COVID-19, specific functional connectivity (FC) patterns predicting sleep quality after recovery remain unclear. This study aims to identify FC patterns associated with sleep quality two months after the first negative COVID-19 antigen test.

Cheese consumption may play a role in mitigating sleep apnea risk, according to our Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Sleep apnea, a prevalent disorder associated with various health complications, affects millions worldwide, generating interest in dietary interventions. This study analyzed data from the UK Biobank and the FinnGen Biobank, focusing on cheese intake and its potential impact on sleep apnea through various biomarkers. Results revealed a significant inverse association between cheese consumption and sleep apnea risk (OR=0.724, p=0.00478), indicating that higher cheese intake is linked to a reduced likelihood of developing the disorder. Additionally, the analysis identified six biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (1.33 %), urea (3.85 %), cystatin C (2.98 %), sex hormone-binding globulin (1.78 %), testosterone (1.94 %), and diastolic blood pressure (5.46 %), as mediators of this relationship. Notably, cheese consumption influenced levels of 23 biomarkers. These findings underscore the potential of dietary interventions in public health strategies aimed at decreasing sleep apnea prevalence and associated health risks. Overall, this study highlights the complex connections between diet, biomarkers, and sleep apnea, emphasizing the necessity for further research across diverse populations to enhance the generalizability of these results.