Curative treatments in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited by high recurrence rates, and targeted therapies against HCC are rare. Tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role. One strategy is the expression of programmed cell death receptor 1 ligand (PD-L1), whose receptor PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown antitumour activity. In HCC, ICIs are proposed as a possible first- and second-line therapy. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the TME is of prognostic importance and can predict response to ICIs. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of intratumoural PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on HCC recurrence and its relation to cancer-immune phenotypes.

Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer in women worldwide. In most cases, the disease is induced by persistent high risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to assess the role of CK7 and CK19 in human papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical epithelial lesions using tissue microarray (TMA).

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a group of rare malignancies with limited treatment options and a persistent lack of effective therapies. Despite the heterogeneous nature of STS, the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway has been associated with sarcomagenesis, and also with the initiation and progression of other cancers.

We report a case of relapse and refractory acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) apparently turned into acute myeloid leukemia, which is occasional and fatal during CAR-T treatment. There are still limited data to clarify the molecular mechanism of myeloid blast populations proliferation during CAR-T treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-ligand 2 (PD-L2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) expression in bladder cancer (BC).

Upregulated microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL), a cell cycle kinase required for a progression through mitosis, expression has been associated to poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of MASTL expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and a possible mechanistic link with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is a rare entity with worse prognosis compared to conventional gastric adenocarcinomas. Its histological characteristics are fetal gut-like architecture and tumor cells with cytoplasmic clearing, as well as positive immunohistochemical reaction to at least one of the enteroblastic markers. Hereby, we present a case of GAED with neuroendocrine marker positivity, with whole-exome sequencing (WES), and an updated literature review.

Targeted therapy with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has achieved promising results in the treatment of different solid tumors. Sacituzumab-Govitecan (SG), a humanized anti-Trop2 monoclonal antibody linked with the cytotoxic topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. The treatment approach with SG requires the expression of Trop2 within the tumor cells. Trop2 is overexpressed in many other cancer types, suggesting a broader therapeutic application beyond breast cancer to these ADCs. We explore expression of Trop2 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) and how this relates to molecular classification.

There is evidence for the anticancer effects of l-arginine (arginine); however, the direct effects on cancer cells and mechanism of action are unclear.

Human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for monitoring cervical cancer. HPV ctDNA level at baseline (before treatment) reflects tumor burden. However, reported HPV ctDNA detection rates at baseline have shown variations across studies, suggesting the existence of other potential contributing factors. This study aimed to identify additional factors that might influence HPV ctDNA detection at baseline, focusing on histology type and HPV genotypes (high-risk genotypes HPV16 and HPV18).

Although urothelial papilloma (UP) is an indolent papillary neoplasm that can mimic the morphology of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC), there is no immunomarker to differentiate reliably these two entities. In addition, the molecular characteristics of UP are not fully understood.

Defining the origin of metastatic cancer is crucial for establishing an optimal treatment strategy, especially when obtaining sufficient tissue from secondary malignancies is limited. While cytological examination is often used in this diagnostic setting, morphologic analysis alone often fails to differentiate metastases derived from the breast from other primaries. The hormone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry are often used to diagnose metastatic breast cancer. However, their effectiveness decreases in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers, including the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype.

Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) plays an essential role in proliferation and DNA replication of cancer cells. However, the expression and prognostic significance of MCM7 in breast cancer (BC) remain to be defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of MCM7 in BC.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with alterations in the retinoblastoma pathway. As a consequence of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) loss, compensatory upregulation of p16 occurs due to the loss of phosphorylated pRB-mediated negative feedback on p16 expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics associated with the diffuse pattern of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in TNBC.

Artificial intelligence image recognition has applications in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop an automated image classification model for lung cancer cytology using a deep learning convolutional neural network (DCNN).

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in the Western countries and is very rare in Asia.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of a variety of oral mucosal benign and pre/malignant lesions, which demonstrate a wide range of prevalence according to geographic regions.

We report a case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with an apparent lineage switch to an EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma. Although lineage switch is a well-documented phenomenon in some hematolymphoid diseases, such as acute leukemias or histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms, lineage switch from mature B-cell to T-cell lymphoma is exceedingly rare.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men. A major clinical need is to accurately predict clinically significant PCa (csPCa). A proteomics-based 19-biomarker model (19-BM) was previously developed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and validated in close to 1,000 patients at risk for PCa. This study aimed to validate 19-BM in a multicenter prospective cohort of 101 biopsy-naive patients using current diagnostic pathways.