Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seriously threatens human health and the quality of life, cognitive impairment is considered as a common complication of T2DM. Neuroimaging meta-analysis found brain functional and structural abnormality in patients with T2DM. Therefore, the purpose of the meta-analysis was to identify brain regions of patients with T2DM-related cognitive impairment (T2DM-CI) where functional and structural indicators changed together or could not synchronize. A literature screening of neuroimaging studies on cognitive impairment in T2DM was conducted from 1 January 2007 to 26 May 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Medline databases. The functional indicators we studied were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC), while the structural indicator was gray matter (GM), which included gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebral cortical thickness. Studies reporting ALFF, ReHo, DC and GM abnormalities between T2DM-CI and healthy controls (HCs) were selected and their significant peak coordinates (x, y, z) and effect size (t-value) were extracted to perform a meta-analysis using anisotropic effect size sign differential mapping (AES-SDM) 5.15 software. Moreover, the brain regions with significant differences obtained from meta-analysis were saved as masks and then validated in our data. Total 19 studies and 20 datasets were involved in this study. Compared to HCs, combining ALFF, ReHo, and DC measurements, the brain activity of the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri (ACC.L, BA24) in T2DM-CI patients increased significantly, while the brain activity of the left lingual gyrus (LING.L, BA18) in T2DM-CI patients decreased significantly. The GM indicator of the right superior temporal gyrus (STG.R, BA42) and left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.L, BA19) in T2DM-CI patients decreased significantly. Meta-regression analysis showed the negative relationship between the brain activity reduction in LING.L and the percentage of female patients, as well as the negative relationship between GM reduction in IOG.L and T2DM duration. Furthermore, we validated a decrease in brain activity in the LING.L of T2DM-CI patients in our independent dataset. The decrease of brain activity in LING.L and the decrease of GM in IOG.L were closely related to visual impairment in T2DM-CI patients. These abnormal brain regions may be the main targets for future research, early intervention can delay the further development of cognitive impairment in T2DM patients and improve their quality of life, which also provided early biomarkers for clarifying the mechanism of cognitive impairment in T2DM.

Although benefits of flaxseed and fasting mimicking diet (FMD), each alone, have been shown in the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the benefit of combining the two is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of FMD and flaxseed supplementation on surrogate measures of MASLD.

We read with great interest the report on the new anti-obesity potential in mice models of reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitors by Moonsun et al., as opposed to the lack of such effects observed with irreversible MAO-B inhibitors (iMAO-Bi). Our research aimed to explore the potential anti-obesity effects of iMAO-Bi in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This retrospective study included 37 PD in-patients from 2018 to 2023. Patients who took iMAO-Bi were assigned to the iMAO-Bi group, and those who never took iMAO-Bi were assigned to the control. The major outcomes were changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) during follow-up. A subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the anti-obesity effect between the short-term and long-term administrations of the iMAO-Bi group. The results showed a slight yet insignificant trend of bodyweight loss among the iMAO-Bi group of PD patients. Subgroup analysis showed that short-term treatment of iMAO-Bi (less than six months) led to reductions in BMI and body weight, while the long-term treatment of iMAO-Bi displayed a slight increase in BMI and body weight. The results suggested that short-term administration of iMAO-Bi may have potential weight-loss effects. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the weight-loss effect of iMAO-Bi.

Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes. We aimed to illustrate secular trends in the Children's Dietary Inflammation Index (C-DII) among U.S. adolescents and assess its association with prediabetes.

Childhood obesity, particularly in girls, is linked to early puberty onset, heightening risks for adult-onset diseases. Addressing childhood obesity and precocious puberty is vital to mitigate societal burdens. Despite existing costly and invasive medical interventions, introducing lifestyle-based alternatives is essential. Our study investigates alternate-day fasting's (ADF) impact on pubertal development in normal-weight and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice.

This study aims to conduct an unbiased assessment of the synergistic effects of non-pharmacological Interventions of intermittent fasting and pulsed radiofrequency energy (PRFE) combination therapy on the facilitation of diabetic wound healing, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. The findings of this research will provide a theoretical framework and innovative strategy for unconventional therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the healing process of diabetes-related wounds.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major complication of diabetes concomitant with gut dysbiosis and glycometabolic disorder, which are strongly associated with bile acid (BA) metabolism. Yet studies investigating the BA metabolism involving in DKD pathogenesis are limited. This study aimed to explore the metabolomic profiling of BAs in DKD and analyze its association with DKD progression.

Quantitative mapping of the brain's metabolism is a critical tool in studying and diagnosing many conditions, from obesity to neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, noninvasive approaches are urgently required. Recently, there have been promising drug development approaches for the treatment of disorders related to glucose metabolism in the brain and, therefore, against obesity-associated diseases. One of the most important drug targets to emerge has been the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor (GLP-1R). GLP and GLP-1R play an important role in regulating blood sugar and maintaining energy homeostasis. However, the macroscopic effects on brain metabolism and function due to the presence of GLP-1R are unclear.

Mice experiments have underscored the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) through the use of soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) in mitigating obesity-linked metabolic disruptions and insulin resistance. However, human studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the correlation between circulating sRAGE levels and insulin resistance, as well as glucose tolerance. Here, we aimed to delve deeper into the relationship between sRAGE levels and systemic insulin sensitivity.

maternal health during pregnancy can affect the intestinal microbial community of offspring, but currently the impact of intrauterine environmental changes resulting from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the microbiota of offspring as well as its interaction with the immune system remains unclear.

Ultra-processed foods mainly have high energy content and density and low nutrients. Unhealthy lifestyles mainly develop cardiovascular diseases and, as a result, unhealthy food patterns.

This study investigates the impact of habitual late calorie intake on glucose metabolism in adults with overweight or obesity and diet or metformin-controlled prediabetes or type 2 diabetes independently of body weight, fat mass, energy intake or diet composition. Participants (n = 26) were classified as Later Eaters (LE) if ≥45% daily calories were consumed after 5 pm and Early Eaters (EE) if not, based on daily caloric intake assessed over 2-wk. EE and LE did not differ in anthropometrics or daily energy intake, but LE consumed more carbohydrates (p = 0.038) and fats (p = 0.039) after 5 pm. Fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide did not differ between groups but LE exhibited higher glucose concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.001), even after adjusting for body weight, fat mass, energy intake and diet composition (p < 0.05). Glucose results remained when participants with T2D were excluded (p = 0.031). After diabetes status adjustment, differences in glucose concentrations were higher in LE for time 30 (p = 0.028) and 60 min (p = 0.036). LE, compared to EE, had poorer glucose tolerance, independent of body weight, fat mass, daily energy intake and diet composition. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04465721.

To examine longitudinal and dose-d ependent associations between dietary fiber intake and various clinical outcomes over 48 weeks of pharmacological treatment in T2DM patients.

Malnutrition early in life increases the later-life risk of noncommunicable diseases, and previous epidemiologic studies have found a link between famine and renal impairment, but no consensus has been reached. This meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to assess the correlation between early-life famine exposure and the risk of developing renal impairment. Search in Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane using keywords that report the correlation between early famine exposure and renal function indicators. RevMan and Stata software were used for data analysis. This meta-analysis contained twelve observational studies. The findings demonstrated a link between prenatal famine exposure and a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 2.39), a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mean difference (MD) = -10.05, 95% CI: -11.64, -8.46), and increased serum creatinine (Scr) (MD = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03) compared to unexposed individuals. Famine exposure in childhood was associated with decreased eGFR (MD = -9.43, 95% CI: -12.01, -6.84) and increased Scr (MD = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04), but not with CKD (OR = 0.980, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.81). Famine exposure in adolescence and adulthood was associated with decreased eGFR (MD = -20.73, 95% CI: -22.40, -19.06). Evidence certainty was deemed to be of low or extremely low quality. Famine exposure early in life could pose a greater risk of developing renal impairment in adulthood, but this outcome may be driven by uncontrolled age differences between famine-births and post-famine-births (unexposed).

The release of adipose tissue-derived miRNAs is increased under conditions of obesity, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. This study investigated whether obesity-induced increases in palmitic acid (PA) content could activate the NF-κB/endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway and promote the expression and release of exosomal miRNAs in adipocytes.

The role of fatty acids (FA) in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia is a subject of intensive research. Several recent works have suggested cis-vaccenic acid (cVA) in plasma lipid compartments, especially in plasma phospholipids (PL) or erythrocyte membranes, could be associated with markers of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, not all the results of research work testify to these beneficial effects of cVA. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relations of proportion of cVA in plasma PL to markers of insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic men.

To examine whether an extended lifestyle metrics incorporating sleep quality improves risk stratification for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and significant fibrosis.

Ferritin, a key indicator of body iron levels, has been reported to associate with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the onset of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, limited research explores the association between mid-pregnancy ferritin levels and the risk of postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in patients with GDM.

Malnutrition coexisting with abdominal adipose tissue accumulation bring a double burden on prognosis. More recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has reached a novel consensus concerning the diagnostic criteria, that is, a two-step modality combining nutritional risk screening and subsequent phenotypic/etiologic parameters for comprehensive evaluation in hopes of harmonizing the malnutrition diagnosis. We aimed to elucidate their synergistic impact among inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis concerning long-term mortality.

There is evidence to support the hypothesis that a diet rich in antioxidants can help safeguard against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common disease associated with atherosclerosis, leading to significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our study focuses on the association between insulin resistance (IR) and PAD, specifically investigating the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a potential surrogate marker of IR in the context of PAD by pooling the existing studies on this topic.