We sought retrospectively to assess outcomes in bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE) patients undergoing resective temporal lobe surgery following invasive EEG lateralization in comparison to unilateral TLE (UTLE).

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), which combines the exploration of identified intracerebral structures using depth electrodes and provides direct recording of local field potentials from multiple brain sites, was designed and developed in the 1950s by Jean Talairach and Jean Bancaud, in Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris. For patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy, when the non-invasive phase is insufficiently concordant or when relationships between the epileptogenic network and eloquent areas remain to be defined, the main purpose of SEEG is the optimal electrode implantation based on a main hypothesis and questions formulated during the non-invasive phase. Following an initial historical overview, the different steps of this non-invasive phase are described. Some of these steps, like semiology analysis, have remained relatively preserved, while others have considerably evolved, such as positron emission tomography combined with 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI) and high-resolution EEG. We then outline the different steps of the SEEG procedure as performed in our institution. Here also, some steps remain quite unchanged such as intracerebral stimulation, amitriptyline and benzodiazepine tests while some others have strikingly evolved such as frameless robot-assisted, MRI-based implantation, depth-signal analyses and quantifications, and radio-frequency thermocoagulation.

The aim of this study was to describe an alternative method for the electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation of the sensory radial nerve (SRN).

Diagnostic cortical stimulation (CS) in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is an established epilepsy presurgical assessment tool to delineate relevant brain functions and elicit habitual epileptic seizures. Currently, no consensus exists as to whether CS should be routinely performed in pediatric patients. A significant challenge is their limited ability to cooperate during the procedure or to describe non-observable seizure semiology features. Our goal was to identify the spectrum of CS practices in Canada, for both eloquent cortex mapping and seizure stimulation.

We aimed to explore the role of hyperventilation (HV) during routine EEG recordings in the diagnosis of adults with epilepsy.

The progression of recruitment of motor unit potentials (MUPs) during increasing voluntary contraction can provide important information about the motor units (MUs) innervating a muscle. Here, we described a method to quantitate the recruitment level of the intramuscular electromyographic (iEMG) signal during an increasing force level.

Stereo-EEG is not just a diagnostic examination but a complex methodology, requiring an accurate synthesis of many data (anatomical, clinical, neurophysiological, cognitive, metabolic, and genetic). The implantation scheme is decided based on a hypothesis (or hypotheses) of epileptogenic zone localization. Subsequently, intracerebral electrical stimulation is used to define the extent of highly functional cortical regions and to reproduce the clinical symptoms and signs associated with seizures. Finally, stereo-EEG-guided thermocoagulation is used, with the dual purpose of stopping/reducing the seizures and determining the prognosis of possible resective (curative) surgery. The centers in Italy that use stereo-EEG derive from the French school of Bancaud and Talairach. Nevertheless, each one has interpreted, on the basis of its own specificity and talent, a new methodology and philosophy of implantation. The present work presents the state of the art of stereo-EEG use in Italy, with detail of the stereo-EEG program of the Munari center in Milano, as well as those of Florence, Bologna and Rome.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of reduced montage electroencephalography (EEG) for seizure detection and provide evidence-based recommendations.

Computer-assisted planning (CAP) allows faster SEEG planning and improves grey matter sampling, orthogonal drilling angles to the skull, reduces risk scores and minimises intracerebral electrode length. Incorporating prior SEEG trajectories enhances CAP planning, refining output with centre-specific practices. This study significantly expands on the previous work, compares priors libraries between two centres, and describes differences between SEEG in adults and children in these centres.

To explore the application of the neuronal recovery model (i.e., the ABCD model derived from EEG power spectral analysis) in forecasting outcomes for patients with acute disorders of consciousness (DOC).

Neuropathic pain is a global health concern due to its severity and its detrimental impact on patients' quality of life. It is primarily characterized by sensory alterations, most commonly hyperalgesia and allodynia. As the disease progresses, patients with neuropathic pain develop co-occurring emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which further complicate therapeutic management. While pharmacotherapy remains the first-line treatment, limitations in its efficacy and the prevalence of side effects often leave patients with insufficient pain relief. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has recently emerged as a promising alternative for chronic pain management. This review provides an overview of preclinical studies examining the effects of tDCS in rodent models of neuropathic pain. It specifically highlights the potential of tDCS to modulate the emotional-affective component of pain, with a focus on identifying optimal cortical targets for stimulation to enhance the translational application of tDCS in managing pain-related emotional disorders.

The activity profile of the posterior insula in neuropathic pain (NeP) remains largely unexplored. To address this and examine its modulation by somatosensory stimulation, we recorded local field potentials (LFP) in awake patients with NeP undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation to the posterior-superior insula (PSI) for analgesic purposes.

The own-name paradigm is used to assess the depth of consciousness disorders in patients in intensive care units. This auditory oddball paradigm elicits a positive event-related potential at 300 ms (named P300) after the presentation of a deviant auditory stimulus, here the subject's own-name. This P300 likely reflects the neural processing of the novel stimulus, which can trigger a behavioral response. Presence of a P300 response is considered to be indicative of a good prognosis for recovering to wakefulness in post-anoxic coma patients. However, its prognostic performance is insufficient and some disorders of consciousness patients without a P300 response will nevertheless awake. The auditory P300 response is influenced by the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli. The use of stimuli with an emotional valence may recruit additional brain networks besides the auditory and attentional ones and potentially improve the prognostic value of the P300 response. Moreover, better characterization of the recruitment of different brain networks involved in these P300 responses in response to emotional stimuli would help in understanding the surface event-related potentials. Here, we present two kind of emotional acoustic features that can be used in these paradigms: "smiling" versus "rough" voice and the familiarity of the voice.

In the present study with a large cohort, we aimed to characterize intracerebral seizure onset patterns (SOP) of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with or without hippocampal sclerosis (HS) as identified via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between electrophysiological findings of diabetic neuropathy (DN) and patients' quality of life, neuropathic pain levels, and well-being.

The aim of this study is to describe a population of patients with drug resistant epilepsy who underwent stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) for epilepsy presurgical evaluation in a high complexity public hospital in Argentina.

The stress reaction is an integrated response to a change in the environment that enables each individual to adapt to demand. While this response is physiologically coordinated by the brain, its phenomenology is expressed in the field of psychology and psychopathology. This interrelation between neurophysiological mechanisms and psychological processes is complex as dynamic interpersonal, biological, and psychocognitive systems interact with contextual and environmental factors to shape adaptation over the life constraints.

The aims of this study were to investigate the electrophysiological features of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and post-facial paralysis synkinesis (PFPS) that contribute to differential diagnosis.