Calcium phosphate stones are commonly found in medically complex children (MCC) receiving enteral feeds. The objective of this study is to investigate the etiology for calcium phosphate stones in this patient population.

Pediatric stone disease is characterized by its increasing prevalence and high recurrence rate. Consequently, the use of minimally invasive procedures with high stone-free rates (SFR) is essential. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with the failure of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones smaller than 20 mm in pediatric patients and to develop predictive nomograms for preoperative patient selection. A retrospective analysis of 62 RIRS identified five key factors affecting SFR: stone volume, stone diameter, stone density, the presence of multiple stones, and lower calyx location. Among these variables, independent predictors of success were identified and incorporated into logistic regression models, which were subsequently translated into two nomograms. These represent the first tools specifically designed to predict preoperative SFR in pediatric patients undergoing RIRS. The predictive models developed in this study demonstrated high accuracy in predicting surgical success, providing urologists with reliable tools to individualize treatment planning based on preoperative imaging. Despite these promising results, external validation by high-volume pediatric urology centers is crucial to confirm the generalizability and robustness of these models. These findings represent a significant advancement in the personalized management of pediatric stone disease.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) cause significant morbidity and financial strain in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). There is a significant incentive to reduce the rate of CAUTIs through multimodal quality improvement initiatives; however, these initiatives are often costly to implement.

This study aimed to explore the impact of positive or negative feedback on the performance of trainees in pediatric urology during simulation exercises in pediatric laparoscopy.

A significant portion of posterior urethral valve patients continue to progress to end stage renal disease despite improvements in medical care. Socioeconomic status has been connected to various healthcare outcomes but has not been evaluated in relation to longitudinal outcomes of posterior urethral valves.

Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency characterized by twisting the spermatic cord, disrupting blood flow, and causing severe pain and swelling. It predominantly affects males aged 12 to 18, with an incidence of about 3.8 per 100,000 in this age group. Immediate surgical intervention is vital, as irreversible damage can occur within 4-6 h of symptom onset. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between low ambient temperatures and an increased incidence of testicular torsion, particularly in colder months.

Male circumcision is a common procedure performed in the US, most often during the newborn period. The rate of circumcision revisions has increased over time and are most often performed at a prepubertal age. Requests for circumcision revision are commonly driven by parents' concerns about the penile appearance and how their child will feel about the appearance as an adult.

Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) has significant advantages over indwelling catheters. To facilitate CIC, a continent catheterizable channel (CCC) to the bladder is required in some cases. The Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (APV) is considered the gold standard for pediatric CCC creation. However, when the appendix is unavailable or unsuitable for the creation of a CCC alternatives are required.

Hypospadias reconstruction seeks to correct structural problems associated with this congenital condition to improve patient quality-of-life (QoL) and overall well-being. While corrective surgery can lead to major functional and psychosocial improvements, some patients experience continuing problems that require additional procedures. This study evaluates patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in hypospadias care, particularly penile satisfaction and QoL after surgery, to fill this essential gap in the literature.

Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation occurring in up to 80 in 10,00 live male births, with emerging evidence associating exogenous environmental exposures with increased disease incidence. Military personnel are at particularly higher risk for such exposures and indeed, the rate of hypospadias in infant males born to United States military servicewomen deployed during the Gulf War has been reported to be more than 5 times greater compared to undeployed female military personnel.

This review aims to (a) provide a concise overview of early clinical trials in bladder tissue engineering and the associated challenges, (b) evaluate significant advancements over the past 15 years in addressing key limitations in angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation, and (c) explore the individual and synergistic contributions of each domain toward the development of a viable engineered solution.

The guidelines lack clarity on how to follow the patients after endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The most discussed question is the need for voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Risk-based approaches that consider patient characteristics, disease severity, or factors related to the surgery itself could reduce its use, but a satisfactory predictive model has not yet been established. We hypothesized surgeons can predict the treatment success evaluating the procedure and risk factors and analyzed the assessments of five experts on the subject.

The current gold-standard for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). However, VCUGs require ionizing radiation and bladder catheterization that can be challenging to perform and traumatic for pediatric patients and their parents.