In this study HPWO·9HO and HPMoO·6HO (HPA) particles were changed into nano forms by heat-treatment in an autoclave as a simple, repaid, inexpensive and one step method. The particle size of these nanoparticles was around 25 nm. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized by dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma analyzer. Thermal stability of nanoparticles was surveyed by thermal gravimeter analyse. Acidity of prepared nanoparticles was investigated by pyridine adsorption method. Results showed rising acidity by declining particle size of HPA.

We would like to report the eco-friendly synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using aqueous extract of (rhizome), dried fruit and seed parts of and the whole shell part of by simple steam bath technique. The structural and morphological characteristics of prepared reduced graphene oxides were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The Surface Plasmon Resonance at 260-280 nm ensured the reduced graphene oxide formation. The antibacterial efficacy of synthesized reduced graphene oxide was evaluated against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens such as and Among the selected samples mediated reduced graphene oxide showed excellent inhibition efficiency (27 and 28 mm) against and , respectively as compared to the standard Gentamycin (29 mm). showed significant inhibition of 22 mm and moderate inhibition of 18 mm against and , respectively The results suggest selected plants and chank shell-mediated reduced graphene oxide as potential antibacterial agents for various therapeutic applications.

The non-metal cation pentaborate(1-) salt [-HNCHCHNH][BO(OH)]·1/2HO () was synthesised from B(OH) and -HNCHCHNH and crystallized from aqueous solution. Compound was characterized by thermal (TGA/DSC), spectroscopic (IR, NMR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods and it was found to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric point group 2. Powder SHG measurements on and some related alkylammonium pentaborate salts, [NHCMe(CHOH)][BO(OH)], [NHCMe(CHOH)][BO(OH)] and [NHCHMeCHOH][BO(OH)], a substituted imidazolium salt, [1,2,3-MeCHN][BO(OH)], a substituted piperidinium salt, [(CH)NH(CHCHOH)][BO(OH)], and a substituted pyrrolidinium salt, [-(+)-2-(HOCH)CHNH][BO(OH)], were determined. Compound and all compounds, except [1,2,3-MeCHN][BO(OH)], showed some weak SHG activity with SHG efficiencies of 0.1-0.2 relative to that of KHPO (KDP).

The effective and preventive treatment of HIV is one of the difficult challenges worldwide. It requires the development of an effective prophylactic strategy to prevent HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to synthesize Cabotegravir (CAB)-biodegradable gold (Au) nanoparticles by using pectin as a reducer and stabilizer. CAB-GNPs were prepared by the slightly modified  method. CAB-GNPs were optimized using Box Behnken design for independent variables gold chloride (A), pectin (B) and pH range (C). The effects of independent variables were observed on particle size (Y) and encapsulation efficiency (Y). The results of the study revealed that the optimized nanoparticles (GLN7) had a particle size of 3.9 ± 0.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 97.2 ± 3.9%. TEM study showed the spherical shape particles. The in-vitro drug release revealed 62.1 ± 0.5% release of CAB in simulated gastric buffer (pH 1.2) and 45.5 ± 2.8% in physiological buffer (pH 7.4). In-vitro cytotoxicity study and antibacterial activity depicted the safety of the prepared NPs by showing lesser toxicity than pure CAB. From the results, our experimental outcomes concluded that CAB gold nanoparticles composed of pectin may constitute a preferred embodiment for the delivery of CAB.