Microwave ablation (MWA) is a novel modality for thermal ablation (TA) to treat benign and malignant thyroid nodules, mostly papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Compared to surgery, TA is less invasive and less painful, has faster recovery, better cosmetic outcomes, and fewer complications. TA techniques have been evolving over the past decade to be more energy efficient, precise, and produce long-lasting results. The general approach is similar between various TA techniques. However, each technique has uniqueness in its energy delivery and, thus, risk profile and outcomes. MWA has a few critical technical differences that make it safer for patients with surgical implants and cardiac comorbidities. It has proven effective in treating benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) in adults and pediatric populations with benign and malignant lesions. The clinical and theoretical outcomes of MWA compared to other thermal ablative techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation (LA), have been investigated in some studies and meta-analyses. Minimally invasive procedures such as MWA are an important tool for the management of thyroid lesions. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians to be equipped with the knowledge to use these tools. In this review, we provide a clinical review detailing the technical differences and clinical outcomes for the three major TA techniques-MWA, RFA, and LA.

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital diseases, which are believed to occur through the separation of small diverticula buds from an abnormal budding process in the primitive foregut during the formation of the tracheobronchial tree. Ectopic types located in the thyroid region are extremely rare.

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge. While the incidence of breast TB (BTB) is relatively low, it can easily be mistaken for breast cancer or breast granulomatous lobulitis, potentially delaying timely intervention. The gold standard for diagnosis consists of culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Treatment typically consists of a combination of anti-TB therapy and surgical intervention.

Determining the optimal extent of surgery and improving postoperative quality of life for patients with papillary thyroid cancer has been an important challenge. Here, we evaluated postoperative quality of life after cT1-T3N1bM0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to explore the optimal scope of surgical resection.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) injection has been used for breast augmentation, enjoying popularity for nearly 20 years in the late 20 century. However, numerous complications were gradually observed in the years following the injection, including breast lumps, inflammation, firmness, and migration. Distant migration of breast fillers is relatively rare.

Lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) increases recurrence risk and negatively impact survival. Traditional treatments like re-operation and radioactive iodine (RAI) have downsides. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging non-surgical therapeutic option, but there is seldom data on its efficacy and safety specifically for metastatic lymph nodes. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of RFA applied to cervical lymph nodes in patients with PTC metastasis in North American population.

Although lenvatinib is effective for unresectable thyroid carcinoma, it may cause adverse events owing to rapid tumor shrinkage or necrosis. Pneumothorax during lenvatinib therapy is rare. However, once it occurs, it can become a refractory and fatal complication. Herein, we report two cases of thyroid carcinoma with malignant pleurisy treated with lenvatinib and discuss treatment strategies to prevent pneumothorax.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, occurring in the mammary glands, which often metastasizes to bones, lungs, and liver. However, pituitary metastasis (PM) originating from breast cancer is a rare phenomenon that can easily be mistaken for benign pituitary macroadenoma.

The increasing incidence of thyroid nodules (TNs) are placing mounting pressure on radiologists. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laboratory parameters in the detection of benign and malignant TNs and develop early diagnosis logistic regression models by using the laboratory parameters.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The effect of the location of the main pancreatic duct on POPF development is not completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between the location of the main pancreatic duct and POPF, and the effect of pancreaticojejunostomy based on the location of the main pancreatic duct on the risk of POPF.

Intracranial infection is one of the most serious complications after pituitary neoplasm resection. However, the quality of the evidence for existing preventive measures varies significantly, and the related content is scattered, and the scope is broad. Nurses lack the specificity and targeted guidance for preventing intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS), and nurses find that evidence necessitates screening and identification during its application, and it is challenging to utilize current tool for guiding clinical practice. Thus, the protocols for preventing intracranial infection after EETS required further refinement. The aim of this study is to summarize the relevant evidence for preventing postoperative intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasm resection, in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection and provide a reference for clinical medical staff.

Breast cancer with lung metastases (BCLM) is a serious condition that often leads to early death. This study aims to screen the risk factors of early death in BCLM patients and establish a simple and accurate nomogram prediction model. Identifying prognostic markers and developing accurate prediction models can help guide clinical decision-making.

Ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the mandible is extraordinarily rare; few histologically proven cases have been reported in the literature. Embryologically, cases of ectopic thyroid occur with a developmental abnormality during the migration of the thyroid gland from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final position in the neck. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found around the course of the thyroglossal duct or laterally in the neck, and even in the mediastinum or below the diaphragm. Since 90% of ectopic thyroid tissues are located at tongue bases, the mandible ectopic thyroid gland is extremely rare. Theoretically, ectopic thyroid glands in the mandible are unlikely to become cancerous. Clinically, follicular carcinoma is less common than papillary carcinoma in both the ectopic thyroid regions and the eutopic anterior neck position. This case is the first to report a cancerous ectopic thyroid in the mandibular bone with eutopic thyroid follicular adenoma and adenomatous goiter.

The differences between unilateral multifocality and bilaterality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the differences between unilateral multifocal PTC (UMPTC) and bilateral multifocal PTC (BMPTC).

Although the most common procedure for breast reconstruction in Argentina is tissue expansion and implant devices, autologous tissue is frequently utilized. Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEP) is the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction and, whenever possible, it is the first option. However, there are clinical or other circumstances, when a local or vicinity flaps for autologous reconstruction is preferred, even if exists a surgical and hospital facility for doing microsurgical procedures. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe our experience with the use of local and vicinity flaps for volume and surface replacement in different requirements-autologous breast reconstructions post oncologic resections, volume replacement in weight loss patients and implant-explantation cases. We have utilized the modification of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LD) described by Hammond with excellent results and high patient satisfaction. Thoraco-dorsal artery perforator flap is indicated on skin sparing mastectomies (SSMs), immediate reconstruction of the nipple areolar complex and simultaneous coverage of an implant or tissue expander, in irradiated or to be irradiated patients. Lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap has gained popularity because the unique position of the perforator at the lower lateral corner of the breast. It allows harvesting immediate vicinity tissue and easy rotation to the breast mound. We have used a modification towards the lateral thoracic wall of the anterior intercostal artery perforator flap for volume reconstruction after implant explantation.in patients who required volume preservation. Medial intercostal artery perforator flap is advantageous whenever the sub-mammary tissue can be used deepithelialized for volume reconstruction with a medial base. The same submammary area harvested as a medially based flap can be irrigated by the LICAP as a reverse LICAP flap that might be designed toward any direction from the piercing point of its perforator. The rest of the donor areas described for breast autologous reconstruction are rarely reported. When surgical facilities and adequate surgical teams are available, the lower abdominal wall is the main donor area, and DIEP, the most common technique utilized.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy with limited treatment options. CD47 is a critical immune checkpoint for tumor immune evasion and has been targeted in various clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the impact of chemotherapy on CD47 expression in EOC in order to determine the potential and optimal timing of CD47-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. We analyzed the expression of CD47 in ovarian cancer and the effect of chemotherapy on the expression of CD47 in ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of chemotherapy on the expression of CD47 in ovarian cancer cells.

Calcitonin-negative medullary thyroid carcinoma (CNMTC), a rare form of MTC characterized by classic histopathology with normal serum calcitonin levels, presents a diagnostic challenge. This systematic review aims to summarize the clinical and pathological features of CNMTC and evaluate the utility of alternative biochemical markers.

Recently, endoscope has been widely used in thyroid surgery and gasless insufflation transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) has been the mainstay of thyroid surgery. Parathyroid gland (PG) damage is a common complication of thyroid surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GTET on hypoparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with thyroid cancer.