https://bit.ly/41woxTD.

In response to exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), the type of muscle fibre remodelling differs between COPD patients with peripheral muscle wasting (atrophic patients with COPD) and those without wasting (nonatrophic patients with COPD). Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major constituents of the cell micro-environment steering cell behaviour and regeneration. We investigated whether the composition of ECM in atrophic compared to nonatrophic patients with COPD differs in response to PR.

In patients with COPD, preventive treatment with acetazolamide reduces adverse health effects during altitude travel. We investigated whether preventive acetazolamide treatment modifies exercise performance in COPD patients going to high altitude.

https://bit.ly/3BAExJs.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease without effective non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic testing. It remains unclear whether vasodilators reverse inflammatory activation, a part of PAH pathogenesis. Single-cell profiling of inflammatory cells in blood could clarify these PAH mechanisms.

https://bit.ly/3Z7uBkg.

https://bit.ly/45DjFw9.

Refractory chronic cough (RCC), persisting despite addressing contributory diagnoses, is likely underpinned by neurally mediated cough hypersensitivity. disorders are genetic neurodegenerative conditions caused by biallelic repeat expansion sequences, commonly presenting with cough, followed by neurological features including cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). The prevalence and identifying clinical characteristics of repeat-expansion disorders in patients with RCC are unknown.

https://bit.ly/3WVbCrF.

https://bit.ly/3AgC5Yv.

https://bit.ly/3zzl2QN.

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), which accounts for >90% of all cases of PAP, is a rare lung disease mediated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies that block GM-CSF signalling, leading to reduced surfactant clearance causing abnormal accumulation of alveolar surfactant and impaired gas exchange [1-3]. The current standard of care for aPAP is whole-lung lavage (WLL), which is invasive, resource intensive, carries procedural risk, does not address the underlying cause of disease and often must be repeated regularly [4]. Hence, there is a therapeutical need to address the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Studies have explored inhaled GM-CSF augmentation as a primary treatment for aPAP [5-12]. In this real-world case series, we present the beneficial long-term effects of molgramostim inhalation solution, an investigational, recombinant GM-CSF, in five aPAP patients with therapeutic disease challenges.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. Brensocatib, an oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), reduces pulmonary inflammation by preventing the activation of neutrophil serine proteases. In the phase II WILLOW trial, brensocatib prolonged time to first exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis. In this analysis we compare clinical outcomes in patients from WILLOW according to baseline disease characteristics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00791-2023.].

COPD ranks as the third leading global cause of mortality. Despite the widespread use of the BODE index and its variants for mortality prediction, their accuracy may be affected by factors like ethnicity, altitude and regional disparities. This study aimed to assess a new altitude-adapted prognostic index in COPD patients at moderate altitudes compared with the BODE and other mortality predictors.

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has been evaluated in COPD, but with varying results. We aimed to evaluate whether a tablet system that monitors disease-related parameters in patients with COPD could influence physical and mental health-related quality of life, compared with usual care (UC).

Flexible bronchoscopy is an operator-dependent procedure. An automatic bronchial identification system based on artificial intelligence (AI) could help bronchoscopists to perform more complete and structured procedures through automatic guidance.

Achieving an early diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors results in better quality of life and survival. Importantly, dedicated follow-up strategies to achieve an earlier CTEPH diagnosis involve costs that were not explicitly incorporated in the models assessing their cost-effectiveness. We performed an economic evaluation of 11 distinct PE follow-up algorithms to determine which should be preferred.

The results of empirical trials with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for management of gastro-oesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) have resulted in considerable controversy, and the mechanism of PPI refractoriness remains unclear. Our study aims to identify the predictors of PPI refractoriness of GERC in a retrospective clinical study.

The number of vertical artefacts (VAs) in lung ultrasound (LUS) impacts patients' clinical management. This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of ultrasound settings on the number of VAs in patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

https://bit.ly/4gyJHFW.