To evaluate the applicability of three-dimensional MV-Flow imaging for prenatal renal diagnosis.

Neonatal care needs more robust guidance on pharmacotherapy, (formulation, dosage regimen, safety and efficacy information). This requires structured advocacy. We therefore discuss advocacy related to improving information about medicines including current practices, clinical trials, the current setting, and trial preparedness. This steps can improve neonatal drug development by generating evidence, particularly if a programmatic approach (identify dosing, eligibility criteria, and outcomes) to evidence generation is followed. Trial design should be guided by the intended use of the medicine and the benefits/risks that the study participant is exposed to. Regulatory trials (explanatory, controlled environment, internal validity, endpoints reflect clinically important outcomes, strong causal evidence) are sometimes necessary. However, some research questions are best addressed with informative trials. In either case, trial design can be supported by real world data and evidence, extrapolation from other subpopulations, or physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. Data management, safety reporting, and management of drugs should be specified and proportionate. Trial design and conduct also necessitate awareness of Good Clinical Practice specific to neonates. Relevant aspects include protocol and trial design, research skills and interactions with Ethics Committees or Institutional Research Boards, capacities and competences needed within the research team, and aspects related to consent and recruitment.

Feeding difficulties are commonly reported in autistic children. However, there is limited data on the presentation, severity, and impact of feeding difficulties in autistic children in Asia.

Maternal depression is an increasingly recognized risk factor of child neurodevelopment difficulties. Few studies have investigated the association between the severity and duration of maternal depression and child development. We aimed to identify whether trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy to six months postpartum are associated with child development at eight months.

To evaluate whether implementing a nutritional care bundle is associated with growth and morbidity in very preterm (VPT) infants.

Stress exposure, operationalized as a count of painful or skin-breaking breaking procedures, is an important concept for inclusion in studies of preterm infants. The Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale (NISS) was developed to also account for nonpainful and environmental stressors; however, validity of this measure is unknown.

Cardiac autonomic regulation and early neurodevelopment are linked, but research has focused largely on specific domains, such as attention and memory, neglecting broad neurodevelopmental outcomes. The use of diverse study populations and methodologies further hinders interpretation, highlighting the need for more consistent, integrative research in this area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify how cardiac autonomic regulation (as quantified by heart rate indices) is associated with global neurodevelopment in infancy through a systematic literature review.

Infants with birth brachial plexus injury (BPBI) may have various comorbidities such as fractures, torticollis, plagiocephaly, central nervous system disorders. In infants with BPBI, it is important to identify fractures, which are common among comorbidities, objectively assess pain, and investigate factors that may be associated with pain.

Early diagnosis of impaired myocardial function and timely therapeutic hypothermia is vital among patients with Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE). Traditional markers of myocardial function (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LV EF) & LV Fractional Shortening (LV FS) can be variably reduced. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a more sensitive marker for impairment but remains inadequately studied in this patient population.

The effectiveness of repeated drug course to close or constrict a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm infants has not been studied extensively. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a second or third course of treatment with ibuprofen and/or paracetamol in 107 infants with gestational age < 29 weeks.

Concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on child development; this issue can be analyzed using the Nurturing Care Framework (NCF).

Developmental surveillance is a crucial task aimed at monitoring and ensuring children's age-appropriate progression. However, demographics and dietary factors can significantly influence the developmental progress of young children.

Sepsis is a significant cause of neonatal mortality. Both clinical and laboratory markers are often non- specific, and a blood culture contaminant may confuse management of the infant. This study aims to use an existing, inexpensive test, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), to predict culture positivity and thus optimise antibiotic management.

Sensory processing involves the nervous system receiving, modulating, and responding to sensory stimuli. Clinical samples have elevated rates of sensory processing difficulties, less is known about sensory processing at population-level. We aimed to investigate patterns of sensory processing in infancy and their association with perinatal factors.

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) of newborns (NB) is characterized by tissue reduction and inadequate postnatal bone mineralization with clinical, laboratory, and/or radiologic repercussions between the third and twelfth weeks of postnatal life, which, in its most severe forms, can lead to a growth deficit and fractures. The aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence of MBD in premature patients receiving parenteral nutrition for >15 days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and assess their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Neonates with critical congenital heart disease (cCHD) undergo a complicated transition to ex-utero life. However, continuous monitoring of autonomic tone using heart rate variability is currently lacking.

To assess the maturational status of the brainstem auditory pathway in babies with apnoea of prematurity (AOP) at 33-34 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA), an important time landmark at which AOP is resolved in most cases.

To identify outcome predictors of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) using logistic regression models.

Gross motor (GM) development delays often appear in the toddler years but may not be diagnosed until school age. Early identification and intervention can improve motor outcomes. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - 2nd edition (PDMS-2) can assess GM skills but is resource-intensive. A parent-reported questionnaire, the Ages & Stages Questionnaire - 3rd edition (ASQ-3), may be a simple and effective way to flag potential GM delays requiring follow-up. This study aims to investigate the concurrent validity of the ASQ-3 GM subscale and the PDMS-2 GM subscale in toddlers and determine if the ASQ-3 GM subscale can accurately identify toddlers with motor delays.

An infant's Own Mother's Milk (OMM) is the mainstay of very preterm nutrition. When a supplement is required, preterm formula and pasteurised human donor milk (pHDM), are options. Which is optimal is unknown.