Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective therapy for moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants born at term or near-term in high-resource settings. Yet there remains a substantial proportion of infants who do not benefit or who will have significant disability despite therapeutic hypothermia. Novel investigational therapies that may confer additional neuroprotection by targeting known pathogenic mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury are under development. This review focuses on putative neuroprotective agents that have shown promise in animal models of HIE, and that have been translated to clinical studies in neonates with HIE. We include agents that have been studied both with and without concurrent therapeutic hypothermia. Our review therefore addresses not just neonatal HIE in high-resource countries where therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care, but also neonatal HIE in low- and middle-income countries where therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to be ineffective, and where the greatest burden of HIE-related morbidity and mortality exists.

After conceiving through assisted reproductive technologies (ART), parents may present to their pediatrician with concerns related to their child's neurodevelopment, including whether their child's health may be related to their use of ART. Pediatricians may be unfamiliar with the ART process and what the families endured up to this point, resulting in difficulty counseling parents through these discussions. Before presentation to the pediatrician, parents have undergone extensive evaluation with reproductive endocrinologists. During counseling, the reproductive endocrinologist provides information on maternal and childhood risks associated with ART. However, in this rapidly evolving field, providing comprehensive, patient-centered, informed consent is increasingly complex and counseling patients properly can be challenging. When parents have gone through the proper informed consent process, and when the pediatrician has an understanding of what this process entails, care of the child can be optimized. In this review, we discuss the complexities of the prenatal informed consent process that parents navigate before presenting to pediatricians. We emphasize the importance of these discussions and highlight ethical principles, as well as emotional, medical, legal, and financial stressors that parents face during ART, with the belief that this understanding will improve the care that pediatricians subsequently provide.

To investigate the effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on an integrated outcome set 1-year post-SDR, in a cohort of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

To describe the experiences of children with self-injurious behavior (SIB) through the lens of family caregivers to inform the development of relevant interventions.

To examine neurobehavioral findings in three genetic syndromes (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, Malan syndrome [mutations in the NFIX gene], and SYNGAP1-related disorder), a mixed group of other neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (NDGS), idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorder, and neurotypical control participants.

To identify, describe, and synthesize available evidence on the longitudinal relationship between hip displacement and hip function, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) aged up to 18 years.