A growing number of paediatric core outcome sets (COS) have been developed in the past 20 years. Previous studies have provided many useful insights into the uptake of COS. In addition to the awareness of COS among clinical trialists, the COS development process (especially patient participation) and the actions of the developers can promote COS uptake. However, the uptake of COS in paediatric clinical trials needs to be further explored. The aim of this study is to provide information on the rationale and use of paediatric COS in clinical trials, and to analyse in depth the awareness and views of COS developers and clinical trialists about the development and use of COS.

Although appendectomy remains the standard treatment for acute appendicitis, non-operative management has gained interest as a safe and effective alternative. However, its implementation in resource-limited hospitals like ours is hindered by insufficient staffing, high bed occupancy, lack of digital records and limited specialist access. Despite these challenges, we present our centre's initial experience. Between July 2022 and December 2023, 24 children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis were treated non-surgically, with an equal gender distribution. The initial success rate was 100%, with only three cases (12.5%) of treatment failure during 12 months of follow-up.

To compare the INTERGROWTH-21st and the WHO fetal growth chart in detecting term small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and predicting short-term adverse perinatal outcomes.

A key target of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals is to eliminate preventable deaths in newborns and children under 5. This study aimed to estimate the effect of time of birth on early neonatal mortality (ENM) and low Apgar scores at 5 min (LA5) in newborns.

To explore the experiences and perceptions of parents and professionals of a hospital-inpatient service for children with medical complexity (CMC).

Telemedicine in neonatal care (TeleNeonatology) has the potential to improve neonatal outcomes, address capacity challenges and influence the emotional burden on parents. TeleNeonatology allows for real-time audiovisual communication between healthcare providers at different neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Despite the high potential for multiple neonatal use-cases, TeleNeonatology is primarily being used for neonatal resuscitation and has yet to be widely implemented in Europe. Our study aims to evaluate both implementation strategies and effectiveness of TeleNeonatology in a pilot study in The Netherlands.

Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across all healthcare systems. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonates and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We sought to profile the incidence of AKI in infants with culture-positive bacteraemia and to assess the utility of the neonatal sequential organ failure (nSOFA) tool in AKI prediction.

As a first-line therapeutic option for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with surging demand, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is associated with escalating costs and supply shortages, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. This study compares the effectiveness of methylprednisolone alone versus IVIG combined with methylprednisolone for managing MIS-C.

X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare inherited disorder often misdiagnosed and lacking sufficient aetiological treatment. Previous studies have shown that XLH is associated with worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and greater economic burden for children and their families compared with the general population, but evidence from China is scarce. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the burden and HRQoL of XLH children in China.

To analyse early risk factors for mortality in preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in China.

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) offers a solution for infertility but poses increased obstetrical and perinatal risks, including higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Particularly, IVF-related multiple pregnancies face significantly higher risks for preterm birth and prolonged hospital stays. This study compares neonatal outcomes between IVF and natural conception, as well as between singleton and IVF-related multiple pregnancies over the past decade.

Integrating Large Language Models like ChatGPT-4omni (ChatGPT-4o) into paediatric healthcare could revolutionise developmental screening. This study evaluated ChatGPT-4o's efficacy in paediatric developmental screening using Direct and Sequential Prompting methods compared with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition. Among 106 paediatric cases, Direct Prompting showed a sensitivity of 73.42% and overall accuracy of 69.81%, while Sequential Prompting had a specificity of 62.96% and overall accuracy of 67.92%. Both methods demonstrate potential for improving the efficiency and accessibility of paediatric developmental screening, with Direct Prompts being more sensitive and Sequential Prompts more specific.

To investigate whether probiotic supplementation can improve behavioural and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2-9 years and further explore the correlation between these symptoms.

We conducted a retrospective observational study of all transports conducted by our national neonatal transport service to estimate direct carbon emissions produced by the service in a 1 year time period. We investigated all parts of the journey for 501 transports-from 27 referring units to 15 receiving units. These transports covered a total of 110 305.4 km. As our vehicles report carbon emissions of 293-327 g/km, over the study period between 32.3 and 36.1 metric tonnes of carbon were directly produced by our neonatal transport service. Our carbon impact could be mitigated by the utilisation of alternative fuels, including hydrotreated vegetable oil.

Management of neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) is challenging, with both surgical and conservative options involving risks. This study aimed to evaluate multimorbidity in patients with NMS and how this influences multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions as well as postoperative outcomes.

To describe the characteristics of cardiac-related neonatal collapses referred to a critical care transport service and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and management at referral and retrieval.

To investigate the differences in participation patterns, environmental barriers and supports across specific activities typically done at school between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and without ADHD.

Siblings of children with disabilities or childhood-onset chronic conditions (eg, autism, cerebral palsy or congenital heart disease) often face challenges in mental health, quality of life and psychosocial adjustment. However, comprehensive knowledge of their participation in daily activities remains limited. Understanding their participation patterns and potential restrictions can help clarify their needs.

The 'Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands (CAP-H)' scale is a parent report questionnaire that can be used to measure participation in life situations that require hand use for children with disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of a Turkish version of the CAP-H scale in order to evaluate the hand participation of children with physical disabilities and compare them with typically developing children.

To examine the distribution and time trends of admission temperature in very preterm infants, effects of temperature-preserving interventions and associations between hypothermia and outcomes.