Checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare but serious complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While it typically occurs within the first few months of treatment, its onset after ICI discontinuation is relatively uncommon. This report presents a case of CIP occurring 2.5 months after cessation of pembrolizumab and reviews the existing literature on CIP after discontinuation of ICIs.

Emodin has protective effects on acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This meta-analysis intended to illustrate the efficacy of emodin on ALI/ARDS animal models.

To determine whether preoperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) level is a risk and predictive factor of postoperative cough by using the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese (LCQ-MC).

As bronchiectasis progresses, increasing degrees of airflow limitation can occur.

Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can lead to hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) in preterm neonates. Vitamin D (VitD) stimulates lung maturation and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Our objective was to determine if VitD provides a dose-dependent protective effect against HALI by reducing inflammatory cytokine expression and improving alveolarization and lung function in neonatal mice.

There is a well-known comorbidity between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) which is only partially explained by common risk factors. Markers of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CVAD), such as orthostatic hypotension and increased resting heart rate, are strongly associated with CAD. The autonomic nervous system also innervates the airways, and several studies have shown an association between autonomic dysfunction and COPD. However, less is known about whether CVAD and impairment of respiratory capacity are related in the population. We thus aimed to assess the relationship between markers of subtle CVAD and lung function in middle-aged subjects.

Obesity can lead to increased airway resistance, especially in the peripheral airways. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) may detect small airway changes in asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of obesity on the small airways of the lungs in asthmatic patients by IOS measurements.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was histological factor that was closely related to prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).The primary aim was to investigate the value of a nomogram incorporating clinical and computed tomography (CT) factors to predict LVI in LAC, and validating the predictive efficacy of a clinical model for LVI in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with lesions ≤ 3 cm.

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a developmental disorder and is extraordinarily rare to occur in the central airway. To our knowledge, nearly few reports of primary ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the central airway with a normal eutopic thyroid gland have been published to date. This is the second case about malignant central airway obstruction caused by primary ectopic thyroid carcinoma.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study aims to develop a comprehensive view of the efficacy and long-term prognosis of EIT-guided PEEP compared to other conventional approaches in various clinical scenarios, including patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) and patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.

Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pre-COPD patients, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels correlate with cardiovascular biomarkers and cardiopulmonary function in COPD and pre-COPD patients to assess its potential role as a marker for cardiovascular comorbidity.

Hospitalized patients often present with complex clinical conditions, but there is a lack of effective tools to assess their risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, our study aimed to develop a nomogram model for better predicting PE in hospitalized populations.

Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) remain difficult to diagnose for clinical therapeutic purposes in patients with a history of breast cancer. This study try to investigate the value of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with clinicopathological predictors for the differential diagnosis of SPNs in breast cancer patients.

There is currently no consensus over whether neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is more effective in young patients than in elderly patients with IIA-IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in young and elderly patients with IIA-IIIB NSCLC.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia. Respiratory viral coinfections in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) are not uncommon and cause severe clinical manifestations. This study aims to investigate the impacts of viral coinfection in MPP patients and hopes to offer novel insights for discriminating between MPP and MPP coinfection.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been the standard treatment for patients with sensitizing EGFR mutation. However, almost all patients eventually acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, easily available parameters to estimate the outcome of lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with EGFR-TKIs are in urgent need. Lung adenocarcinoma patients harbored EGFR sensitive mutant and received EGFR-TKIs as first-line or second-line treatment were recruited in the study. X-tile software were utilized to determine the optimal cut-off value of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DB), total bile acid (TBA), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). The prognostic value of ALP, DB, TBA, and HDL-C for Progression-free survival (PFS) in patients were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier curve. We applied univariate and multivariate survival analysis to identify the independent predictor for PFS in patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma and received EGFR-TKIs. A total of 131 lung adenocarcinoma patients with a median age of 58 years old were included in the final analysis. Patients with elevated level of DB and HDL-C showed a longer PFS, while high level of ALP and TBA indicated shorter PFS in response to EGFR-TKI treatment. The multivariate survival analyses revealed a significant association of prolonged PFS with increased DB, and decreased TBA. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DB and TBA were significant independent predictors of PFS in EGFR-TKI-treated patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Endobronchial tumors can infiltrate the bronchial wall or protrude into the bronchial lumen, causing post-obstructive pneumonia (POP). Differentiating between POP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is challenging due to similar clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, which can delay the diagnosis and treatment of endobronchial tumors.

Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. However, screening for early detection of pulmonary involvement especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not established in RA.

Patients who suffered from sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) always need sedation for mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU). Ciprofol(Cip), a novel intravenous anesthetic, was revealed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Ferroptosis, categorized as a type of newly non-apoptotic cell death, participates in the development of lung injury. This study aimed to identify the effect of ciprofol on sepsis-induced ALI and to determine whether ferroptosis is involved.

Silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis primarily result from exposure to silica and coal dust. Despite similar exposure levels, individuals exhibit varying responses. This study aimed to address these gaps to explore the genetic factors influencing the development, severity, and associated complications.

Exacerbation is an independent risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal care, there may be risk factors that lead to difficulties in managing exacerbations that may be associated with prolongation of length of hospital stay (LOS).