AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

Occupational Therapy Using Ayres Sensory Integration® in School-Based Practice: A Call to Action
Whiting CC, Schoen SA, Bundy A, Lane SJ, Mailloux Z, Roley SS, May-Benson TA and Schaaf RC
Challenges with processing and integrating sensory information affect children's ability to successfully engage in their occupations at school and fully participate in the educational process. Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) is an evidence-based intervention for autistic children that has emerging evidence for children with idiopathic sensory integration differences. This article is a call to action for the occupational therapy profession to increase the use of ASI principles in school settings because it historically has been limited in its application. In this column, we respond to two main questions. First, is ASI necessary, essential, and inherently appropriate in school settings? Second, does ASI align with education laws and mandates? We present evidence showing that interventions to address sensory integration and processing function fall within the domain of school-based occupational therapy practitioners and provide examples for ways to use the principles of ASI across all the tiers of a multitiered system of supports. We also make recommendations for next steps that focus on best practices for implementing ASI in the academic setting and address concerns related to the feasibility of ASI in school-based practice within existing systemic and logistical constraints. As a result, occupational therapy practitioners will be empowered to advocate for use of ASI and its principles in the educational setting to proactively provide the support their students deserve.
Feel the Burn, Heal the Burn: Job Crafting and Burnout Among Occupational Therapy Professionals
Lynner B, Stoa R, Fisher G, Del Pozo E and Lizerbram R
Burnout is common among occupational therapy professionals and associated with poor health and well-being, absenteeism, turnover, and exit from the profession. This study identified specific job titles, job characteristics, and resources related to burnout.
Metacognitive Intervention Facilitating a Growth Mindset for Youth at Risk: The Contribution of Occupational Therapy Practitioners to the Educational Team
Zlotnik S, Regev S and Weiss PL
Youth at risk often experience adaptation difficulties. Functional metacognitive interventions, outlined by occupational therapy practitioners, may support their daily performance.
Letter to the Editor
Daungsupawong H and Wiwanitkit V
Occupational Balance and Meaning Mediate Higher Education Students' Mental Health During War: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Lipskaya-Velikovsky L, Grinvald H, Gilboa Y and Nahum M
Exposure to trauma and extensive changes in daily life circumstances and occupations as a result of an ongoing armed conflict can significantly affect mental health.
Older Adults' Engagement in Meaningful Activities and Quality of Life During COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study
Fogel-Grinvald H, Maeir A and Golos A
Engagement in meaningful activities (EMA) is a central determinant of older adults' health and quality of life (QoL) and is a concern of occupational therapy.
Impact of a Dynamic Orthosis on Manual Dexterity Among People With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Trial
Jiménez-Barrios M, González-Bernal J, Santamaría-Peláez M, Collazo-Riobo C, Cubo E, Gabriel-Galán JMT, Matthews MJA and González-Santos J
A dynamic elastomeric fabric orthosis could be a novel nonpharmacological treatment of motor symptoms among people with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Exploratory Factor Analysis and Convergent Validity of the Adult Executive Function Inventory (ADEXI)
Fogel Y, Gilboa Y and Meyer S
The Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI)-a short, practical, self-report questionnaire accessible across diverse adult populations and languages-was used to assess executive functions (EFs), primarily inhibition and working memory.
Interventions to Improve the Occupational Performance of Youth With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Systematic Review
Heinekamp A, Molnar N, Lennon A, Bailes A, Hugentobler J and Previtera M
Persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) may negatively affect youth's occupational performance in activities of daily living, education, play and leisure, social participation, and rest and sleep.
Participation and Well-Being of Chinese Mothers Who Have Children With Disabilities
Sim SS, Bourke-Taylor H, Yu ML, Fossey E and Tirlea L
High stress and compromised mental health are well-documented among mothers of children with disabilities, but less is known about the factors that influence their participation and well-being, especially among Chinese mothers. Identifying these factors could lead to strategies to mitigate potential risks to maternal well-being.
Childhood Adversity and Engagement in Adulthood: The Role of Attachment as a Mediator
Aquilina S, Meredith P, Harnett P and Kerley L
A key assumption of occupational therapy is that engagement in meaningful activities is fundamental to one's health and well-being. Preliminary findings suggest a link between childhood adversity and engagement in meaningful activity. Childhood adversity is also linked to attachment insecurity in adulthood, and both represent barriers to health and well-being. It is unknown whether attachment insecurity is associated with meaningful activity engagement or how attachment insecurity influences the relationship between childhood adversity and meaningful activity engagement.
Moderating Role of Self-Regulation Difficulties in the Momentary Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Participation Poststroke
Lee Y, Foster ER, Baum C and Connor LT
Because depressive symptoms are momentarily associated with lower levels of participation poststroke, it is crucial to investigate what moderates such associations to identify a potential intervention target to reduce the momentary links between depressive symptoms and participation poststroke. Self-regulation seems to be a potential moderator of such associations.
Role of Meaningful Social Participation and Technology Use in Mitigating Loneliness and Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults
Nakahara K and Yokoi K
Community social participation aids dementia prevention and alleviates loneliness among older adults. Incorporating occupational therapy using information and communications technology (ICT) could potentially delay dementia onset and reduce loneliness.
Evidence Synthesis and Clinical Recommendations for Supporting School Students With Sensory Processing Challenges: A Rapid Review
Unwin K, Wales K, Johnson T, Leonard C, Dixon G, English L and Lane A
Children with sensory processing challenges often need supports to access, participate in, and achieve at school. However, research on best practice is varied, presenting difficulty for practitioners to assess the appropriateness of each support.
Standardizing Identification of Cognitive Impairment in the Acute Hospital Setting: Toward a Common Language
Sim E, Casey K, Lavezza A, Hoyer E, Moscirella M, Rosenbaum N, Friedman M and Young DL
Although many hospitals universally screen their patients for functional mobility and activity impairment, there is no common method to do this for cognitive impairment. Establishing an interdisciplinary and standardized process to screen for cognitive impairment is essential for early identification of impairments, optimization of patients' function, and safe discharge planning. Previously, the reliability and validity of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Applied Cognitive Inpatient Short Form "6-Clicks" (AM-PAC ACISF) were measured among occupational therapy practitioners and speech-language pathologists; however, its reliability among other team members, specifically nurses, is unknown. This study reports the interprofessional interrater reliability of the AM-PAC ACISF in the acute care hospital setting.
State of the Journal, 2024
Reynolds S
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has maintained its top-ranked status in the field of occupational therapy and increased its standing among all rehabilitation journals, buoyed by an increase in its 5-yr impact factor. Key outcomes for 2024 showcase the journal's breadth and depth, with 139 articles published. AJOT published a special issue on the topic of Recovery of Function After Neurological Injury and a special section on Play in Occupational Therapy. The AJOT Authors & Issues interview series has reached more than 11,000 views, and the AJOT Instagram account now has more than 1,000 followers. AJOT editorial team members have also been recognized for their expertise as leaders in the field of scholarly publishing with opportunities to participate in national and international initiatives. As AJOT looks ahead to 2025, we will focus on leading the profession in the use and adoption of new research reporting guidelines, as well as continuing to maintain our commitment to publishing articles that will move research in the profession forward.
Different, But Same
Stover A
In her Presidential Address at the AOTA INSPIRE 2024 Annual Conference & Expo in Orlando, Florida, AOTA President Alyson Stover highlights some of the unique ways occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants are practicing today and come away inspired by the positive impacts we are making in the world. Occupational therapy is the ultimate contradiction: We are the same, but can look so different.
Water Competency and Sensory Processing Among Children on the Autism Spectrum
Kemp E, Nikahd M, Ackerman M, Howard M, Darragh A and Crasta J
Globally, drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death, and children on the autism spectrum are at a higher risk of drowning. Several factors affect limited water competency (swim skills and water safety) and engagement in swimming as a meaningful leisure activity.
Research on the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance Approach: A Bibliometric Review
Valera-Gran D, Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R and Navarrete-Muñoz EM
The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an evidence-based intervention approach that has significantly increased in popularity over the past two decades. However, how the research literature on this topic is patterned is still unknown, so it is difficult to identify potential areas for research and clinical interest.
Abortion Law Changes and Occupational Therapy Practice in the United States
Nemati D, McKee D and Rothman EF
The U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022, changing access to abortion in many states. The impact of these changes on occupational therapy practice has not yet been explored through empirical research.
Effect of Early Intervention on Developmental Domains and Parent-Child Interaction Among Children With Developmental Delay: A Randomized Controlled Study
Gündoğmuş E, Bumin G and Yalçın SS
The scope of early intervention (EI) programs, which mostly focus on motor skills, needs to be expanded.