To act effectively, one must select actions that satisfy performance criteria. The more important the criteria, the more important it is to satisfy them. This idea leads to the suggestion that a goal of research on action selection should be determining the relative importance of different performance criteria. We pursued this aim by focused on a physical action task: walking to a table, picking up a box with two hands, and moving the box back and forth between two positions. In earlier work (Ozana et al., 2023), university students who did this task stood as they wished when they arrived at the table. It was found that participants adjusted the separation between their feet depending on the inter-target distance and required back-and-forth rate, timed with a metronome. This result was taken to suggest that hand-move distance and rate were prioritized over foot separation in this context. In the two experiments reported here, we asked participants to adopt wide or narrow foot stances. In Experiment 1, we asked participants, with wide or narrow foot stances, to move the box back and forth at a high or low displacements rate specified by a metronome, covering whatever distance they wished. We found that the freely chosen hand-move distances depended on the hand-move rate but hardly depended on the foot separation. In Experiment 2, we asked new participants to adopt the wide or narrow foot spread and to move the box over two required distances, freely choosing the box-move rate. In this case, we found that participants chose hand-move rates that depended on the required box-move distance but hardly depended on the foot separation. We interpret the results of both the previous and current study to suggest that constraints imposed by the postural control system are relatively less important than those related to manual dexterity in whole-body object manipulation tasks. Instead, it appears that the balance and postural control system functions as an agile support to the manual control system.

The rise of alternative work arrangements, driven by technological advancements, has become a significant aspect of the gig economy, particularly in the digital food delivery sector. The appeal of flexible work and instant deliveries offered by food delivery apps represents a key trend within the gig economy, and lay the forefront of gig workers' organizational commitment and job engagement. This study empirically examines the association between digital food delivery and the job engagement of gig workers. Although, for gig workers who seek opportunities on digital platforms, it is essential for them to become partner with a reputable brand mainly to showcase their best selves to potential employers. Hence, the study explores the effect of brand reputation as a moderator on the relationship between gig workers' organizational commitment and job engagement. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 354 gig workers in the digital food delivery industry, primarily from metropolitan areas. In this study, a two-step approach was employed to analyze the relationship between the variables. Initially, a theoretical model was developed based on the strategic paradigm found in the literature. Subsequently, structural equation model analysis was performed to identify significant associations between the variables. The results of the study demonstrated a significant positive relationship between digital food delivery and the job engagement of gig workers. Additionally, the moderating effect of brand reputation was observed, with a more substantial impact seen among workers employed by brands with a strong reputation. These findings suggest that digital food delivery platforms and brands should prioritize improving gig workers' job engagement. Finally, the study discussed implications and recommendations for future research.

The research examined the three constructs of Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MSS) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) as predictors of Motivated Behavior (MB) based on the participants (N = 335) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in a Chinese education context. The exploratory factor analysis has been conducted to reveal the two components of Second Language Learning Experience (L2LE). By closer scrutiny of the theoretical model, we have found Ideal Second Language Self (Ideal L2 self), Emotional Engagement L2 Learning Experience (EEL2LE), Behavior Engagement L2 Learning Experience (BEL2LE), FLE as significant direct predictors of motivated behavior. Additionally, we also found that the Ideal L2 self can predict the motivated behavior mediated by EEL2LE and BEL2LE, and that EEL2LE can predict motivated behavior through FLE. Also, ought-to L2 self has been found to significantly predict motivated behavior mediated by BEL2LE. The results extended the scope of the L2MSS by integrating FLE and supplied suggestions for foreign language instruction based on the socio-educational context of China.

People can perceive various information from faces. Most of previous studies of face perception only focused on one of attributes, such as gender, expression, personality etc., the whole picture of face perception is far from clear. Therefore, the present study recruited Chinese participants to provide spontaneous descriptions of unfamiliar Chinese faces without any constraints of content. It turned out that descriptions employed a broad spectrum of descriptors, as well as a consistent pattern across different identities: descriptions that incorporated psychological characteristics were most prevalent, whereas mentions of physiological attributes generally occurred earlier in the description than other types of descriptive vocabulary. These results underscore the special role of free description analysis in revealing the panorama of face perception, where perceivers swiftly infer a plenty of character traits in an organized way, ultimately forming a comprehensive impression of others.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the deliberate harm inflicted upon one's own body without any suicidal intent. Adolescence is a period of heightened incidence of self-injurious behavior, often accompanied by anxiety and depression, topics of significant interest to researchers. Upon reviewing and synthesizing existing literature, it becomes evident that childhood trauma serves as a crucial influencing factor in NSSI. Such behavior not only detrimentally impacts the individual's physical and mental well-being but also exerts negative repercussions on their family and society at large. Despite this, there remains a scarcity of intervention studies focusing on individuals with a history of childhood trauma who engage in NSSI. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of childhood trauma on adolescent NSSI and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NSSI formation.

In Bangladesh, people living with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups, as they receive little or no assistance. They face numerous challenges regarding financial, social, and access to basic education and healthcare, which contribute to experiences of distress and mental health issues. However, there is limited research on the mental health needs of people with disabilities and the accessibility of mental health services in Bangladesh. This qualitative study addresses this gap by examining the mental healthcare-seeking behaviours of people with disabilities and challenges in care-seeking pathways and recommendations for devising an inclusive system in existing mental health services through key informant interviews and focus group discussions with 55 participants from four stakeholder groups. Findings highlight that limited mental health, literacy, stigma, and financial and logistical challenges, such as inaccessible transportation and distant facilities, hinder access to care. System-level barriers, including a lack of specialists and inadequate community-based services, further exacerbate the issue. Stakeholders recommended strengthening social support systems by providing disability identity cards, allowances, and access to inclusive education and employment opportunities. They also emphasized the need for awareness campaigns, better transportation options, and training for healthcare workers. Policymakers are urged to design culturally relevant needs-based interventions to improve mental healthcare pathways for people with disabilities while promoting multisectoral collaboration.

The integration of computational thinking (CT) to enhance creativity in design students has often been underexplored in design education. While design thinking has traditionally been the cornerstone of university design pedagogy and remains essential, the increasing role of digital tools and artificial intelligence in modern design practices presents new opportunities for innovation. By introducing CT alongside design thinking, students can expand their creative toolkit and engage with emerging technologies more effectively. Although many design students may have limited experience with programming, incorporating accessible, no-code tools can help them confidently embrace computational methods, unlocking new pathways for creative exploration and innovation. This study proposes an alternative approach to improve the motivation of design students by introducing machine learning tools into product design processes. We developed an experimental pedagogy in which 56 industrial design university students learned how to use Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (Weka), a machine learning tool, for three hours of design work a week, for a total of eight weeks. Our covariate analysis of data collected in the pretest and posttest shows that the general learning motivations in the group using Weka are significantly higher than those in the group without Weka. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of learning strategies, collaboration, or critical thinking. Students using Weka spent more time focusing on model training and tended to improve their algorithmic thinking, and the introduction of Weka appeared to enhance their motivation to learn. On the other hand, these students might have been focusing on working individually at their computers, potentially neglecting communication and collaboration. The findings suggest that teaching machine learning applications without requiring coding has the potential to boost design students' motivation to engage with CT skills, though care must be taken to maintain collaborative practices.

Previous research indicated that Japanese culture came to increasingly emphasize uniqueness, showing a rise in individualism. However, such research focused on the naming of babies, making it unclear whether this trend was found in other behaviors. Therefore, the current research examined temporal changes in the behavior of choosing dog types. Study 1 confirmed that choosing hybrid dogs (mixed-breed dogs created by crossing purebred dogs) as a form of uniqueness-seeking was shared in Japanese culture. Study 2 indicated that the ownership rates of unique hybrid dogs increased and the ownership rates of common purebred dogs decreased between 2008 and 2017. Study 3 showed that people increasingly sought information about hybrid dogs online between 2004 and 2018. Study 4 demonstrated that articles in newspapers referring to hybrid dogs increased between 2003 and 2018. These results consistently suggest that people in Japan came to seek more uniqueness and Japanese culture became more individualistic.

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents is a growing concern. This longitudinal study examined changes in PIU between summer holidays and the academic period among Chinese senior high school students (n = 710; M: 16.68, SD = 0.54; 50 % female), focusing on interpersonally vulnerable individuals.

Increased stress among medical students in military college has been a challenge in the field of education. One approach to addressing stress reduction is mindfulness training. MBSR has been verified to improve the health status of different individuals. The aim of this study was to examine whether MBSR improves the psychological resilience, posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth of medical students in military college.

This study aims to evaluate the role of AI as an educational tool from an ethical and pedagogical perspective as it delves into the perceptions of the teaching community whose resistance to technology integration into conventionally managed classrooms has been well established in a large number of studies. The study uses a mixed methods design to gather data from 50 English, Translation, and Linguistics faculty members at Ha'il University whose collective and individual views on the ethical and pedagogical issues are analyzed using a questionnaire and individual interviews. Results indicate an overall high perception (M = 3.49, Std = 0.808) among the teachers towards the ethical use of AI in their teaching experience and (M = 3.84, Std = 0.833), on the pedagogical implications of AI in the learning process. Findings also indicate that educators are aware of solutions to ensure maintenance of ethics with inclusion of AI in teaching, including training students on the use of AI, regulating the learning environment, using AI-based plagiarism detector and reformulating the assessment systems. They also report pedagogical considerations that help in the integration of AI tools in the EFL classroom. The study concludes with recommending that both EFL instructors and students be aware about the ways and need to ensure safer use of AI in the learning process.

Rapid burgeoning of mobile social media has become the primary channel by which individuals construct interpersonal networks and contact with each other recently. The primary objectives of this study are to explore how and whether network externalities would enhance WeChat users' distinct types of perceived gratifications, and how such perception of gratifications subsequently impacts their attitudes and continuous usage behavior. This article utilized a structured web-based survey questionnaire to conduct empirical research, and gathered and analyzed data of 788 WeChat users by structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Perceived gratifications are categorized into three dimensions: hedonic gratifications, social gratifications, and utilitarian gratifications. Obtained outcomes reveal that both referent network size and perceived complementarity are positively and significantly associated with all three dimensions of perceived gratifications. Additionally, hedonic gratifications, social gratifications, and utilitarian gratifications are positively related to users' attitudes toward WeChat, which, in turn, are significantly correlated with their continuous usage behavior. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on WeChat user behavior, offering novel theoretical insights for academics and practical implications for mobile social media operators.

The literature review shows a lack of standardized and validated scales assessing expectations toward romantic relationships in emerging adults. Hence, the main goal of this study was to design a tool that assesses romantic relationship expectations in Spanish-speaking emerging adults involved and non-involved in a romantic relationship, and to examine the psychometric properties and validity of this new measure. Participants included 1077 undergraduate and vocational training school students aged between 18 and 30 years, who completed the Expectations Toward Romantic Relationships scale (ETRR) and other measures (e.g., Experiences in Close Relationships, Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale), in order to analyze the convergent validity of the ETRR. With the aim of conducting the validation study and obtaining the psychometric properties of the scale, the sample was randomly split into two groups. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed a good fit for three factors that measured romantic relationship expectations (Stability; Caregiving; Conflict) with 19 items. Results also provided evidence of the ETRR's convergent validity through its´ significant associations with attachment-related anxiety and avoidance and some family-of-origin experiences. This study provides evidence on the reliability and validity of the ETRR in a Spanish-speaking sample of emerging adults, confirming the good psychometric properties of this new tool.

Various scholars have discussed the influence of group membership on cooperative behaviors in adult samples. Nonetheless, the developmental trajectories of related biases from middle childhood and early adolescence remain to be explored. Using the one-shot 4-player public goods game and inducing group membership awareness by school affiliation, we investigated the effects of group membership of imaginary partners on cooperation (Experiment 1) and cooperative norm enforcement (Experiment 2) in children and adolescents across fourth (N = 106, Mage = 9.53 years, 57 girls), sixth (N = 109, Mage = 11.46 years, 54 girls) and eighth grades (N = 102, Mage = 13.22 years, 47 girls). In Experiment 1, participants were first-party players and showed higher cooperation with in-group members (i.e., players from the same school) than out-group members (i.e., from other schools); the mediating role of cooperative expectations in in-group favoritism in cooperation was observed only among fourth and sixth graders. In Experiment 2, participants were third-party executors (i.e., could punish either in-group and out-group free-riders), and results showed that fourth and sixth graders were more lenient with in-group violators; eighth graders showed no evident bias in punishment. These findings depict a developmental pattern of decline in in-group favoritism regarding cooperation and cooperative norm enforcement from middle childhood to early adolescence. Cooperative expectations mediated the effect of group membership on cooperation only among younger students, indicating that divergent mechanisms underlie cooperative bias between groups in different grades. The discussions suggest that the understanding of norms of both cooperation and equality developed during this period.

A sizeable amount of research has explored the dynamicity of second language (L2) willingness to communicate (WTC) within specific durations, but little scholarly attention has been paid to investigating L2 WTC in a single communicative task performed in a natural classroom setting with a per-second measuring scheme, the idiodynamic video-playback software. To this end, an idiodynamic method was applied in this study to understand classroom WTC inspired by complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) on a micro-timescale. The present research investigated how four Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) exhibited WTC dynamics during a group communicative task in a natural classroom environment and what factors were attributed to impacting their WTC dynamics during the task. The findings revealed the dynamic features of Chinese EFL learners' WTC, covering non-linear dynamics, sensitivity to initial state, interconnectedness, self-organization, and dependence on context. Thematic analysis identified a range of individual and contextual factors influencing WTC, encompassing linguistic-cognitive, motivational, and affective influences, as well as those related to teacher, interlocutor, topic, and group atmosphere. These factors interacted in complex ways, either enhancing or reducing the learners' WTC. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications were raised.

Lahore, Pakistan, is considered the most polluted city in the world and is suffering from environmental injustice due to a lack of compliance with vehicular environmental laws and deficient observance of pro-environmental behavior. This study analyzes factors affecting public compliance with vehicular environmental laws among drivers in Lahore with an extended pro-environmental behavior approach. The study utilized several factors such as personal benefits prioritization (PBP), economic incentives perception (EIP), government system (IGS), perceived eco-policy effectiveness and enforcement (PEPEE), environmental knowledge and awareness (EKA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and value belief norm theory (VBNT). Using purposive sampling in the data collection, two hundred fifty-one participants voluntarily answered the survey through a self-administered online questionnaire utilizing the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results showed that personal benefits prioritization (PBP) significantly affected economic incentive perception (EIP). EIP and perceived eco-policy effectiveness and enforcement (PEPEE) showed a significant direct relationship with environmental knowledge and awareness (EKA). Interestingly, the government system (IGS) has the highest direct significance with PEPEE. EKA significantly affected the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the value belief norm theory (VBNT). Thus, this study can be a foundation for related sectors to enhance the air quality of Lahore, Pakistan, by enhancing vehicular environmental laws and ensuring compliance. Increasing awareness through improving education and enforcement strategies is expected to contribute to successful compliance among Lahore residents, eventually aligning with national ecological sustainability policies. Moreover, the paper provides a comprehensive roadmap for stakeholders to address the environmental challenges identified and contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally just future globally.

In the present study, we used eye-tracking to investigate formality-register and morphosyntactic congruence during sentence reading. While research frequently covers participants' processing of lexical, (morpho-)syntactic, or semantic knowledge (e.g., operationalized by means of violations to which we can measure responses relative to felicitous stimuli), less attention has been devoted to the full breadth of pragmatic and context-related aspects. One such aspect is sensitivity to formality-register congruence, i.e., the match or mismatch between the register of a target word and the formality conveyed by the (linguistic) context. In particular, we investigated how congruence of linguistic register with context formality, as well as its interplay with morphosyntactic knowledge, may unfold during reading and be reflected in eye movements. In our study, 40 native German speakers read context sentences conveying a formal or informal situation, and a target sentence containing a high- or low-register verb (e.g., Engl. transl. The policeman detained the activist vs. The policeman nabbed the activist) which matched or mismatched the formality of the preceding context sentences. We additionally manipulated subject-verb agreement, with either a match (see examples above) or a mismatch thereof (e.g., Engl. transl. *The policeman detain the activist; *The policeman nab the activist). We predicted that a violation of formality-register congruence would be reflected in longer reading times at the verb and post-verbal object region, as this would be in line with previous research on context violations (e.g., Lüdtke & Kaup, 2006; Reali et al., 2015; Traxler & Pickering, 1996). We found effects of morphosyntactic congruence on late processing stages at the verb and on earlier processing stages at the post-verbal object region. As far as formality-register congruence is concerned, only late (in total reading time analysis, in the post-verbal object region) and subtle effects emerged. The results suggest that, compared to morphosyntactic violations, formality-register congruence effects emerge quite subtly and slowly during reading.

Previous research has shown that advantageous inequity promotes prosocial behavior. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this phenomenon. This study investigated the potential roles of justice sensitivity and emotion as key mechanisms in this process. Using a justice sensitivity scale, which includes four subscales (victim sensitivity, observer sensitivity, beneficiary sensitivity and perpetrator sensitivity), university students were recruited as participants and divided into two groups: high justice sensitivity (N = 44) and low justice sensitivity (N = 51). Results showed that individuals with high justice sensitivity were more inclined to increase their partner's payoff at their own cost under advantageous inequity, compared to those with low justice sensitivity. Emotionally, participants primarily experienced guilt and empathy, rather than anger, shame, or delight when facing advantageous inequity. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that participants with high justice sensitivity displayed a greater tendency to experience guilt (but not empathy) under advantageous inequity, which subsequently led to increased prosocial behavior, in comparison to those with low justice sensitivity. These findings highlight the roles of justice sensitivity and guilt in shaping prosocial behavior within advantageous inequity contexts.

People tend to be bad at detecting lies: When explicitly asked to infer whether others tell a lie or the truth, people often do not perform better than chance. However, increasing evidence suggests that implicit lie detection measures and potentially physiological measures may mirror observers' telling apart lies from truths after all. Implicit and physiological responses are argued to respond to lies as a threatening stimulus associated with a threat response. Subsequently, people who tell a lie should thus be liked and trusted less than those who tell the truth (indirect lie detection measures). In terms of physiology, a threat response should be associated with narrowing blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which should reduce peripheral skin blood flow. Consequently, we expected lower finger temperatures when confronted with a lie compared to the truth. We test lie detection using explicit and indirect measures, as well as using infrared thermal imaging as a physiological measure of lie detection. Participants (N = 95) observed videos of people telling lies or the truth about their social relationships, during which participants' fingertip temperature was recorded. Results suggested that the accuracy of explicit categorizations remained at chance level. Judgments of story-tellers' likability and trustworthiness (indirect measures of lie detection) showed no evidence that observers could tell apart liars and truthtellers: Those believed to be truthtellers were liked and trusted significantly more than those believed to be liars, even when this belief was mistaken. Physiological lie detection measured using thermal imaging also failed: Observers' fingertip temperatures did not significantly differ between lies and true stories. If at all, the temperature effects pointed in the opposite direction of the lies-as-threat expectations: Fingertip temperatures increased somewhat while confronted with lies compared to true stories. Results support the impression that people are bad at detecting lies, and cast doubt on whether fingertip temperature responses could be used as lie detection mechanisms.

The current study examined how adolescents from different cultural backgrounds perceive and reason about group-based inequalities. Korean (N = 84, 42 females) and American (N = 72, 36 females) adolescents, aged 12 to 17, evaluated resource distribution inequalities in school contexts among social groups differentiated by social class, race, and gender. Across both cultures, nearly all adolescents found race and gender inequalities unacceptable based on moral concerns for equality. However, judgments about inequalities based on social class were more complex; adolescents evaluated these inequalities as less wrong and coordinated equality concerns with other considerations. They further distinguished between two types of social class situations that varied in the level of inequality, judging group-level social class inequality as more unacceptable than individual-level inequality. Cultural variations were evident in the justifications for their evaluations: American adolescents coordinated moral concerns of equality and welfare with personal and conventional reasons, while Korean adolescents also considered moral concerns of merit and property rights. Different interpretations of situational contexts led to varying prioritizations of moral concerns across the two cultures.

The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) is an evidence-based intervention for adolescents with cannabis use disorder (CUD). This study evaluated the effectiveness of A-CRA among Iranian adolescents with CUD. A total of 40 male adolescents aged 15 to 18 (Mean = 15.87, SD = 1.02), diagnosed with CUD, were recruited from child labor welfare educational centers in Tehran through purposive sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to the A-CRA group (n = 20) or Treatment as Usual (TAU) group (n = 20). Assessments were conducted pre-test, post-intervention, and at a three-month follow-up. The results revealed that A-CRA was associated with higher rates of abstinence, reduced frequency of cannabis use, decreased substance-related problems, and lower levels of psychological distress. Additionally, adolescents in the A-CRA group demonstrated improvements in health-promoting lifestyles and more positive mother-adolescent relationships. These findings support the efficacy of A-CRA in addressing multiple dimensions of CUD in Iranian adolescents.

This study investigated the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Malaysian Indian entrepreneurs in the retail industry. This study involved a quantitative approach with standardized questionnaires distributed among target respondents through non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional setting from Malaysian retail ethnic entrepreneurs. AMOS-SEM and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed a positive and significant influence of indulgence, long-term orientation, masculinity, and low power distance on sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the direct effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness was also positive and significant in terms of sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Finally, the indirect effects of collectivism, indulgence, low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance, masculinity, and long-term orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through mediator entrepreneurial innovativeness were positive and significant among Malaysian Chinese. However, in Malay (indulgence) and India (collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low power distance), these were not significant. Our results suggest that academics and businesses should consider how cultural norms of masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance impact sustainable competitive advantage activities. Rewards encouraging sustainable competitive advantage in one subculture may not promote it in another. Subcultural norms influence entrepreneurs' decisions, expectations, and incentives in a culturally diverse community.

Researchers have proposed that humans have evolved psychological mechanisms that facilitate the detection, rapid response, and subsequent avoidance of potential threats. However, some inconsistent results in the literature have called into question the robustness of these responses. Here, we sought to replicate previous findings on the rapid detection of both social (i.e., angry faces) and nonsocial (i.e., snakes) threats within a large and diverse sample of adults, and to examine the robustness of our effects across three data-collection sites using two response metrics-visual latency to detect threatening versus non-threatening stimuli and motor (i.e., button press) responses to indicate that threatening versus non-threatening targets had been detected. We found an advantage for both social (angry facial configurations) and non-social (snakes) threats across all three data collection sites, demonstrating that the phenomenon is both replicable and robust. Further, we found that the threat advantage was only significant for visual latency to first detect threatening stimuli and not for subsequent motor responses-the overall replication effect was driven by first fixations-suggesting that biases for threat might be perceptually based.

It can be argued that environmental policy approval (EPA) is a key individual response to the global ecological crisis. This study explores EPA in two ways. First, we tested the dimensional structure of EPA applying confirmatory factor analysis to a newly constructed 24-item scale. Specifically, we analyzed a one-dimensional EPA model, a two-dimensional model that tells existing policies apart from claimed policies, a three-dimensional model that splits EPA into fields of action (energy, agriculture/nutrition, and mobility/transport), and a four-dimensional model that segments EPA into policy types (charges, regulations, infrastructure, and adaptation). Second, we examined the extent to which EPA can be regarded as a variant of environmental attitude or pro-environmental behavior by estimating the relationship of the EPA scale with established measures of environmental attitude and pro-environmental behavior via path analyses. The results (N = 276) indicate marginally superior fits for the three-factor fields-of-action model and the path model that describes EPA as a pro-environmental behavior. Our findings also suggest that EPA is particularly strongly predicted by affective environmental attitude.

The current study sought to explore the association between passion, grit and flow and study possible differences between the genders in a sample of 529 adults in Norway. There were 323 females and 204 males. Passion was measured with the passion scale, Grit with the Grit-S scale, and flow with the General Flow Proneness scale. Results indicate that males score significantly higher on passion and flow, whereas females score higher on grit. Additionally, there were significant correlations between these constructs which differed between the sexes. Both passion and grit have been demonstrated to have a positive relationship with flow. To investigate which factor that has the strongest association with flow. We performed a multiple regression analysis. The results suggested that a model with passion and grit explained 33 % of the variation in Flow for the whole sample. Grit had the strongest relationship with flow while controlling for passion (β = 0.44). Passion had a significant and positive relationship with Flow while controlling for grit (β = 0.26). We further investigated the relative importance of passion and grit in predicting flow. Grit (lgm =0.67) was approximately twice as important as passion (lgm = 0.32) in predicting flow. These findings suggest that grit is a more critical factor in achieving flow, offering theoretical insights into how these constructs contribute to life satisfaction, well-being, learning, and achievement.

Whether eye movements (as a measure of visual attention) contribute to the understanding of how multi-attribute decisions are made, is still a matter of debate. In this study, we show how machine learning methods can be used to separate the effects of the information presented, eye movement patterns, and attention to specific information. We also show how to deal with data from a relatively small sample of participants, often found in eye tracking studies that require in-lab testing. We make use of a dataset of 30 females who decided whether or not to accept screening for Chlamydia in 21 different scenarios. For this dataset, we find that eye movements did not add to the prediction of choice beyond the information presented to participants. Future studies should determine whether the same conclusion holds for other eye tracking datasets.

Previous research has largely regarded psychological entitlement as detrimental to organizational effectiveness. In contrast, this study presents a more nuanced view by exploring its relationship with proactive work behavior. Drawing on the proactive motivation model, we propose that psychological entitlement influences proactive work behavior in both positive and negative ways, with need for uniqueness, role-breadth self-efficacy, and emotional exhaustion serving as mediators for the "reason to," "can do," and "energized to" states, respectively. Through a field study and an experiment, our results consistently showed that psychological entitlement had positive influences on proactive work behavior. Our study thus highlights that psychological entitlement should not be seen solely as problematic, sheds light on new mechanisms through which it influences work outcomes, and deepens our understanding of individual differences in proactive behavior at work.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is growing as a strategic tool creating a completive edge for any organizations. Together with CSR, employees are a fundamental driving force as they are responsible for achieving the business's objectives. This article primarily aims to provide directions for researchers in developing a theoretical framework and to assist new scholars exploring CSR-employee research by identifying key themes, publication trends, journals and authors relevant to this field. The authors used bibliographic coupling to scrutinize 399 articles on Scopus between 2013 and 2023. It is considered the rare study using bibliometric approach to review publications related to CSR and its internal perception review. The bibliographic coupling analysis identified five themes in CSR-employee relationship. These include CSR and Organization-related Employee Attitudes and Behaviors; CSR, Workplace Green Behavior and well-being; CSR and work perceptions; CSR and Employees' Behavioral Dynamics; CSR and Employee Volunteerism. Subsequently, this study offers insights into the most significant and current contributions to the field regarding the evolving landscape of research in the CSR-employee domain, identifying cutting-edge thematic topics in this area and enhancing understanding of its current state.

Digital literacy influences academic behaviors, especially in medical education, where students encounter considerable academic challenges. However, the effects of this phenomenon on academic self-efficacy and cognitive load remain inadequately understood.

This study explores the intricate relationships between workplace spirituality, mindfulness, psychological well-being, and digital technology use among employees in India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 287 full-time employees from various industries. Grounded in Technostress Theory, Broaden-and-Build Theory, and the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) framework, the study tested several hypotheses to investigate how these factors interact in the contemporary digital work environment. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between workplace spirituality and psychological well-being and mindfulness and psychological well-being. Additionally, mindfulness mediated the relationship between workplace spirituality and psychological well-being. Significantly, digital technology use moderated the relationship between workplace spirituality, mindfulness, and psychological well-being, suggesting that higher technology use may reduce the positive impact of spirituality and mindfulness on well-being. The novelty of this study lies in its contribution to understanding how digital technology influences the relationship between spirituality, mindfulness, and employee well-being, offering practical implications for organizations aiming to enhance employee well-being through tailored interventions and mindful technology management.