Interventional neuroradiology is a dynamic field with technological advancements constantly driving evolution in clinical practice. Case series provide interventional neuroradiologists the opportunity to describe the clinical implications of novel equipment and techniques almost in real-time, informing broader adoption and directing future research. Complete reporting in case series is vital in enabling readers to detect bias, determine the generalizability of results and replicate study methodology. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of reporting in case series describing endovascular management of vein of Galen malformations.

The optimal duration of external ventricular drain (EVD) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is debatable. We sought to determine the association of EVD duration and output with outcomes, including cerebral infarct.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Antiplatelet therapy is essential for preventing ischemic stroke recurrence, but it carries a risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed to mitigate this risk, but their long-term use has been linked to increased all-cause mortality. Limited research exists on the impact of PPI use on mortality in stroke survivors receiving antiplatelet therapy. This study aims to evaluate the association between PPI use and all-cause mortality in this population.

This study investigated the correlation between retinal vasculature and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) imaging markers, providing new evidence for the retina-brain association.

Although cage subsidence is one of the most common phenomenona associated with interbody fusions and was characterized more than 70 years ago, a standardized method for its measurement, detection, and reporting among different lumbar fusion procedures does not exist. Here, we review previously published literature on cage subsidence to present the most common methods for defining subsidence in the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) techniques.

For unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), conservative management is often possible. However, when direct treatment is warranted, endovascular treatments (EVTs) provide an effective minimally invasive approach. These procedures still necessitate careful patient monitoring, frequently in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The factors leading to ICU admission for these patients remains an area of debate.

Radiosurgery can serve as a primary, adjuvant, or salvage treatment modality for cavernous sinus tumors (CST), providing high tumor control. However, particularly with cavernous sinus expansion, there may be insufficient distance from the optic apparatus to perform radiosurgery safely. The internal carotid artery adjacent to the distal dural ring (ICAddr), when enhancing similarly to the CST, can be difficult to delineate, and can lead to over-contouring of target volume near the optic nerve and therefore increasing the risk of radiation-induced optic toxicity. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3D T1-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo (TSE) MR sequence with the Motion-Sensitized Driven Equilibrium (MSDE) technique in accurately delineating the internal carotid artery adjacent to the distal dural ring (ICAddr) to minimize the risk of radiation-induced optic toxicity during radiosurgery for cavernous sinus tumors (CST).

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic conditions in the world. Surgical treatment for refractoryepilepsy is a method to optimize the quality of life for patients. Throughout his medical career, Dr. Wada examined the underlying mechanism of epilepsy and developed procedures to improve outcomes for his patients. A literature search of articles was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar to chronicle the personal and professional life of Juhn Atsushi Wada. The review focused on Dr. Wada's epilepsy research and the development of the carotid amytal injection, today known as the Wada test. In 1924, Juhn Atsushi Wada was born in Tokyo, Japan where he eventually attended Hokkaido Imperial University for his medical education. After completing his medical degree in 1947, Dr. Wada began his neurology and neurosurgery career in a war-torn Japan at the Hokkaido Imperial University Hospital. He developed the Wada test, an intracarotid sodium amytal injection, and published his landmark manuscript in 1949 that featured the observed benefits of the procedure and its suggested mechanisms of epilepsy. Wada would later move to North America, where he would disseminate his technique and lead the field in treating and understanding epilepsy. The contributions of Juhn Atsushi Wada earned him recognition as a leader in the fields of epilepsy neurosurgery and neurology.

This literature review aims to synthesise current research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for the segmentation of brain neuroanatomical structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Ensuring aneurysm exclusion while maintaining vessel patency is crucial during intracranial aneurysm clipping. Although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for intraoperative vascular imaging, some centers have reported using fluorescein sodium video angiography (FNa-VA). However, a synthesis of these findings is still lacking. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FNa-VA in identifying aneurysm remnants and vessel stenosis post-clipping.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial upper airway collapse during sleep. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep-related movement disorder characterized by an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially during inactivity and evenings. Both OSA and RLS are common with significant overlap: RLS is present in up to 36% of those with OSA. Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may influence RLS outcomes. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the impact of CPAP therapy on RLS symptoms and RLS medication usage in individuals with both OSA and RLS.

Early left ventricular systolic dysfunction is common after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Echocardiography (Echo) can evaluate cardiac function across various clinical scenarios; however, its utilization in isolated TBI remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we aim to examine Echo utilization in hospitalized adults with isolated TBI.

This prospective observational study aimed to assess the effectiveness of B-mode ultrasound, color-coded Doppler, and shear-wave elastography in predicting intracranial pressure (ICP) and their capability to evaluate the efficacy of ICP lowering therapy.

Cognitive decline is an increasingly serious global health challenge. In recent years, an increasing number of non-traditional cognitive rehabilitation training (N-TCRT) interventions have been applied to improve cognitive function, however, Tthe existing evidence is restricted. The meta-analysis of this randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of leisure activity interventions compared to TCRT control on cognitive function in older adults. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and related databases through June 31, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 23 included RCTs (n = 1,293) utilized mahjong, poker, VR, and other games. Results show that leisure activities interventions improve global cognition function (MOCA, P < 0.00001; MMSE, P < 0.0001), memory function (DSB, P = 0.002; DSF, P = 0.03), executive function (TMT-A, P = 0.0009; TMT-B, P = 0.005) and quality of life (ADL, P < 0.000001; WHOQOL-OLD, P < 0.00001). In summary, leisure activities can improve some cognitive domains in older adults. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42024563951).

Parent Artery Occlusion (PAO) is a valid treatment choice in giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms of the cavernous segment when the preoperative balloon test occlusion (BTO) demonstrates an adequate cross circulation from the contralateral side. A high flow arterial bypass is, however, mandatory if the result suggests otherwise or is indeterminate. We present here a case of a 72-year lady where the BTO results were inconclusive. Rather than proceeding for the ICA ligation and a high flow bypass straight away, we replicated the BTO in the operation theatre, using intraoperative electrophysiologic neuromonitoring under the general anaesthesia. A temporary clip was applied on the ICA followed by gradual reduction of the blood pressure up to 30% from the baseline and sustained for 30 min. The motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring did not show ipsilateral hemispheric ischemia. Assured by this electrophysiologic evidence, we proceeded with ligation of the cervical ICA. The patient recovered from surgery without any neurological deficits and remains functionally intact at 4-years follow-up. Based on this case, this novel method can be considered a further refinement of the conventional BTO, allowing clarification of the inconclusive results that may sometimes be encountered.

The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for optic pathway-hypothalamic gliomas (OPHGs) by providing precise visualization of the lesion neuroanatomic and minimizing brain manipulation. Despite the variable clinical trajectories of OPHGs, the optimal management neurosurgical strategy continues to be a subject of debate.