Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may derive inadequate benefit from dry powder inhalers (DPIs) because of suboptimal peak inspiratory flow (sPIF).

To observe the changes of serum adiponectin (AP) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and explore the correlation between serum AP and polysomnography (PSG) parameters in patients with OSAHS.

Participants underwent respiratory muscle training for 24 weeks. The main results were changes in respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function indices (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%), and maximal midexpiratory flow 75/25 (MMEF75/25)) before, 12 weeks after, and 24 weeks after the intervention. The secondary outcomes were changes in the exercise load and work rate, exercise work, Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).

To investigate the mechanism through which and decoction (APD) facilitates the treatment of ferroptosis-mediated pulmonary fibrosis.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex interstitial lung disease caused by chronic inhalation of a wide variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals, commonly associated with an occupational exposure. An impressive number of inciting antigens causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been found to cover a wide range of occupations. As working practices have changed over time, especially in industrialized countries, new names for occupational HP have emerged. This review emphasizes the main diagnostic issues arising from the high variability of clinical presentation and the broad spectrum of causal antigens. Furthermore, it provides an overview of current methods to unveil possible causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, highlights HP's current diagnostic and treatment challenges and the remaining areas of uncertainty, and presents prevention strategies.

With a diverse geographic and sociocultural landscape, Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) Authority (British Columbia, Canada) encompasses both urban and rural regions, providing a case study to examine the delivery of care services for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the landscape of care services within VCH, we aimed to (1) identify asthma and COPD care services availability in urban and rural communities and (2) identify where asthma and COPD quality improvement (QI) initiatives were implemented and their implementation-related characteristics. An environmental scan was conducted to identify asthma and COPD care services provided in VCH communities. A literature review was conducted to determine where VCH asthma and COPD QI initiatives were implemented and identify their implementation-related characteristics. This case study was analysed descriptively and summarised in tables and figures. The environmental scan analysis revealed that specialty outpatient care, pulmonary rehabilitation, respiratory education and clinical smoking cessation services were limited in urban and unavailable in rural VCH communities. Spirometry services were limited in urban and rural VCH communities. Cross-referencing recommendations from asthma and COPD clinical practice guidelines against prevalence data, we estimated that rural VCH communities could provide 0%-23% of required spirometry while urban could provide 40%-75%. Further, of the 16 asthma and COPD QI initiatives identified within 21 papers, none were conducted at rural VCH healthcare sites. Our findings suggest rural VCH communities have lower access to asthma and COPD care services and the limited urban care services were insufficient to make up for this difference. Past asthma and COPD QI initiatives have not apparently translated to care service improvements in rural regions. Future QI initiatives should focus on overcoming barriers to conducting and participating in QI to improve urban and rural regions' access to asthma and COPD care services.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and complex pulmonary vascular disease with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide a new understanding of the lung pathology of disease and a noninvasive method in monitoring the establishment of animal models for basic and clinical studies of PH, indeed to explore clinical application value of lung ultrasound for patients with PH. Totally 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, MCT (monocrotaline) group, PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) group, and NS (normal saline) group. Rats in the MCT group, PDTC group, and NS group received single intraperitoneal injection of MCT, while the control group received the same dose of NS. Then, PDTC group and NS group received PDTC and NS daily for treatment at the end of the model. Each group received lung ultrasound examination and measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Then, the rats were sacrificed to take the lung specimens to being observed. The ultrasound and pathological results were analyzed with a semiquantitative score. With the pulmonary artery pressure increases, the MCT group had a higher pulmonary ultrasound score and pathological score compared with the control group ( < 0.05). After PDTC treatment, the pulmonary ultrasound score and the pathological score decline ( < 0.05). We investigated both lung ultrasound scores, and the pathological scores were positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (both  > 0.8, < 0.0001). Moreover, lung ultrasound scores were positively correlated with pathological scores ( > 0.8, < 0.0001). We elucidated lung ultrasound evaluation providing more evidence for the management of PH in the rat model. Moreover, lung ultrasound provided a noninvasive method in monitoring the establishment of animal models for basic and clinical studies of PH.

Anlotinib is an effective targeted therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been found to mediate chemoresistance in many cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of anlotinib mediates cisplatin (DDP) resistance in NSCLC remains unclear.

This study aims to evaluate a novel prone position ventilation device designed to enhance patient safety, improve comfort, and reduce adverse events, facilitating prolonged tolerance in critically ill patients.

The impaired proliferative capacity of alveolar epithelial cells after injury is an important factor causing epithelial repair dysfunction, leading to the occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells as the stem cells of alveolar epithelium participate in the repair process after alveolar injury. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) participates in multiple processes regulating the pathological process of alveolar epithelial cells, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome caused by infections. Acute lung injury (ALI) occurs first and most frequently in patients with sepsis. Gentiopicroside (GPS), which originates mostly from is classified as a secoiridoid glycosides. Terpenoid glycosides have various biological effects, including liver protection, blood glucose and cholesterol level management, and anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. However, presently, the biochemical foundation and mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of GPS in sepsis-induced ALI have not been explained. In the present study, we established a rat model of sepsis ALI induced by cecal ligation and puncture. This enables us to observe the effects of GPS therapy, which significantly reduced the inflammatory response (TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6), nitrogen stress, oxidative stress, and severity of ALI at both the whole animal and molecular levels. In addition, GPS ameliorates LPS-induced ALI via regulation of inflammatory response and cell proptosis in BEAS-2B. This study provides a theoretical basis for treating sepsis-induced ALI with GPS.

This study aimed to develop nomograms to predict high hospitalization costs and prolonged stays in hospitalized acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), also known as pAECOPD. A total of 635 patients with pAECOPD were included in this observational study and divided into training and testing sets. Variables were initially screened using univariate analysis, and then further selected using a backward stepwise regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to establish nomograms. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and testing sets. Finally, the logistic regression analysis showed that elevated white blood cell count (WBC>10 × 10 cells/l), hypoalbuminemia, pulmonary encephalopathy, respiratory failure, diabetes, and respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) admissions were risk factors for predicting high hospitalization costs in pAECOPD patients. The AUC value was 0.756 (95% CI: 0.699-0.812) in the training set and 0.792 (95% CI: 0.718-0.867) in the testing set. The calibration plot and DCA curve indicated the model had good predictive performance. Furthermore, decreased total protein, pulmonary encephalopathy, reflux esophagitis, and RICU admissions were risk factors for predicting prolonged stays in pAECOPD patients. The AUC value was 0.629 (95% CI: 0.575-0.682) in the training set and 0.620 (95% CI: 0.539-0.701) in the testing set. The calibration plot and DCA curve indicated the model had good predictive performance. We developed and validated two nomograms for predicting high hospitalization costs and prolonged stay, respectively, among hospitalized patients with pAECOPD. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2000039959.

To explore the complications of long-term placement of Montgomery T silicone stent (Ttube) in the treatment of subglottic benign airway stenosis (SBAS) and the timing of successful Ttube removal. We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 32 patients with SBAS who underwent the treatment of Ttube and analyzed their placement and successful removal of the Ttube. There were 22 males and 10 females, aged from 21 to 79 years (60.9 ± 13.7 years). The Ttubes were successfully placed in all 32 patients, and 6 patients (18.8%) with mild stenosis were placed by the intravenous conscious sedation. The longest follow-up period was 60.4 months, and 17 patients (53.1%) had the Ttubes for more than 12 months; 5 patients (15.6%) were changed to the tracheostomy cannula after unplanned removal of the Ttubes for various reasons; the Ttubes were successfully removed in 9 patients (28.1%), and the duration of Ttubes placement was 5.2-22.7 months (12.1 ± 6.3 months), among them anatomical stenosis in 9 patients (100%). Secretion retention was observed in 32 patients (100%), granulation tissue hyperplasia was observed in 9 patients (28.1%), and the normal ventilation was not affected in most patients by bronchoscopic treatment and follow-up; the Ttubes were removed in 3 patients due to severe complications. There was no significant difference in the incidences of secretion retention and granulation tissue hyperplasia between the time point at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months, > 0.05. In patients with Ttube more than 12 months, the severity of secretion retention at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months was significantly different, < 0.05, however, there was no significant difference in the severity of granulation tissue hyperplasia, > 0.05. Ttube is safe and effective in the treatment of SBAS. The severity of secretion retention increased in patients with long-term placement of the Ttube. For patients with mild stenosis and anatomical stenosis, the Ttube removal can be attempted at about 1 year of follow-up.

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) contributes to a poor prognosis. Reliable biomarkers to predict adverse outcomes during hospitalization are important.

Hypercapnic respiratory failure arises due to an imbalance in the load-capacity-drive relationship of the respiratory muscle pump, typically arising in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity-related respiratory failure, and neuromuscular disease. Patients at risk of developing chronic respiratory failure and those with established disease should be referred to a specialist ventilation unit for evaluation and consideration of home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) initiation. Clinical trials demonstrate that, following careful patient selection, home NIV can improve a range of clinical, patient-reported, and physiological outcomes. This narrative review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory failure, evidence-based applications of home NIV, and monitoring of patients established on home ventilation and describes technological advances in ventilation devices, interfaces, and monitoring to enhance comfort, promote long-term adherence, and optimise gas exchange.

The effectiveness of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for patients with clinical stage IIIB or IIIC lung adenocarcinoma and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations who received first- or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is unclear.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease. Currently, no specific treatment strategy has been established; therefore, finding new treatment methods is essential. Clinically, Shenqi Huatan Decoction (SQHT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula for COPD treatment; however, its mechanism of action in treatment needs to be clarified.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess cystic changes in findings on follow-up CT scans of patients with fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).

We explored the prognostic utility of the unique combination of C-reactive-protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and significant weight loss (WL > 5%) over the preceding 6 months, namely, the CARWL score, in stage IIIC non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

To develop a novel scale to assess humidification during noninvasive ventilation (NIV).

Vitamin D deficiency elevates the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Iron parameters elevation and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reduction are involved in the process of COPD. The goal is to explore the associations of vitamin D with GPX4 and iron parameters in COPD patients through a case-control study. COPD patients and control subjects were enrolled. Serum samples and lung tissues were collected. Serum vitamin D and iron levels and pulmonary ferritin and GPX4 expressions were determined. In addition, human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were incubated with 1,25(OH)D (100 nM), the active form of vitamin D3. Then, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) signaling were detected. In patients with COPD, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) decreased, and iron and ferritin levels in serum and lung tissues increased. Furthermore, pulmonary expression of GPX4 was reduced. Correlative analyzes indicated that lung function was inversely correlated with iron parameters and positively correlated with GPX4. The results showed that serum 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with an elevation in serum iron parameters and a reduction in pulmonary GPX4. In addition, VDR- and Nrf-2-positive lung nuclei were decreased in COPD patients than in control subjects. In patients with COPD, the results indicated a positive relationship between VDR and Nrf-2. Further analysis revealed that Nrf-2-positive nuclei were negatively correlated with iron parameters. experiments found that 1,25(OH)D treatment activated VDR signaling and elevated the expression of Nrf-2 and GPX4 in BEAS-2B cells. Vitamin D deficiency is positively associated with GPX4 reduction and iron parameters elevation in COPD patients. It is recommended to explore the role of vitamin D supplementation in the progression of COPD.