Our objective is to investigate the potential causal relationship between telomere length (TL) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by conducting a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study.

Many medical students experience psychological distress from high academic demands, potentially harming their performance and mental health. Binaural beats (BB) stimulation, particularly gamma band entrainment, has been suggested to enhance neural communication, cognition, and reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine whether 40 Hz BB could improve cognitive performance and mood in medical students. Forty participants, selected based on the inclusion criteria of good health, normal hearing, and no mental illness were recruited considering factors such as all sessions availability and consent. Participants listened to BB for 15 min, three times a week, over three consecutive weeks. Electroencephalogram recordings confirmed that 40 Hz BB induced gamma neural oscillations in the brain. Emotional states were assessed using the 32-item Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) with ratings on a 5-point Likert scale, whereas cognitive function was measured with the Stroop's test, based on reaction time in milliseconds. Pre- and post-BB comparisons and gender-related differences were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-tests or appropriate non-parametric tests. Listening to BB significantly reduced negative emotions ( < 0.001), enhanced positive emotions ( < 0.001), and facilitated improvements in cognitive performance. However, the effects of BB were gender-specific, with female students showing greater improvements in 'happiness' and 'calmness', ( < 0.001), while males experienced more pronounced enhancements in cognitive performance ( < 0.001). Additionally, time-dependent effects of BB were also observed. 40 Hz BB appears to be an effective tool for helping students manage their challenges calmly and more efficiently.

IntroductionCurrent electroencephalogram (EEG) indices for monitoring the depth of anesthesia have not been adjusted for age. This study aims to identify the most suitable EEG indices for monitoring anesthesia depth across different age groups.MethodIn here, we conducted a prospective observational trial to observe whether different EEG features in different age groups can detect anesthesia depth and compare their performance.ResultsIn Group 1, absolute θ had the highest prediction probability (Pk) value (0.78 ± 0.07), while relative γ had the lowest relative coefficient of variation (CV) value in states 1 (0.160), 2 (0.153), 3 (0.214), and 4 (0.144). In Group 2, absolute θ had the highest Pk value (0.81 ± 0.09), and relative γ had the lowest CV value in states 1 (0.159), 2 (0.178), 3 (0.140), and 4 (0.095). In Group 3, absolute δ had the highest Pk value (0.79 ± 0.08), with absolute slow wave having the lowest CV value in states 1 (0.196), 2 (0.258), 3 (0.295), and 4 (0.181). In Group 4, absolute δ had the highest Pk value (0.75 ± 0.10), and absolute slow wave had the lowest CV value in states 1 (0.176), 2 (0.192), 3 (0.185), and 4 (0.144).ConclusionsIn this study, we found that absolute θ and relative γ are the most suitable choices for young and middle-aged patients, while absolute δ and absolute slow wave are the most suitable choices for young elderly and elderly patients.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of autoimmune diseases targeting the central nervous system, characterized by severe clinical symptoms and substantial consumption of medical resources. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression, and detecting inflammatory responses can provide insights into disease status and disease severity. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel marker of inflammatory status, has been rarely studied in AE.

The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves multiple factors, including inflammatory processes. This study investigated the relationship between changes in the levels of cytokines and remission in patients with MDD following duloxetine treatment.

Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has recently reported to prevent the depression in chronic animal model. The present study aimed to explore the antidepressant potential of empagliflozin using a neuroinflammation-mediated depression involving the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model in diabetic rats. A low dose of streptozotocin was injected to induce diabetes in all group of animals. Following the confirmation of hyperglycemia, OBX surgery was performed. Post-surgery, the drug treatments were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. The study evaluated the effects of daily oral administration of empagliflozin at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, alongside metformin (200 mg/kg) and clomipramine (50 mg/kg), on OBX-induced behavioral depression in rats. Separate sham and vehicle control groups were also maintained. Behavioral parameters in open field, forced swim test, elevated plus maze and splash test were recorded on 28 day. Results showed that empagliflozin, at the higher dose, significantly enhanced behavioral outcomes, evidenced by increased distance travelled, greater open arm entries, and reduced immobility, alongside a notable reduction in grooming time. Moreover, empagliflozin significantly restored the antioxidants level specifically Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) in OBX insulted rat brain and decreased Lipid peroxidase (LPO). Notably, molecular docking study demonstrated a good binding affinity of empagliflozin for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), suggesting that its antidepressant effects may be mediated through the modulation of the BDNF pathway. These findings support the potential therapeutic application of empagliflozin for depression, particularly in cases associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Failure of delayed neurological improvement (fDNI) following successful recanalization is a prevalent clinical phenomenon in patients who have experienced acute ischemic stroke (AIS). An investigation into the potential link between markers of systemic inflammation such as platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index known as SII, and the occurrence of fDNI in patients received successful reperfusion was conducted.

We examined associations among injury severity, white matter structural connectivity within functionally defined brain networks and psychosocial/adaptive outcomes in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Chemoradiotherapy is the major means in the treatment of gliomas followed surgery. Ferroptosis has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis by many studies. However, its underlying effect on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in gliomas remains unclear.

Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is more benign than electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in terms of cognitive impairment. However, whether these two 'artificial seizures' facilitate the central motor neural pathway and the motor cortical effects have not been investigated. The study aimed to compare the effects of ECT and MST on motor-evoked potential (MEP) in patients with mental disorders.

We aimed to explore the treatment effect and therapeutic mechanisms of baicalin in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder, with an estimated 6.4% increase in cases worldwide from 1990 to 2019. We aim to identify the GBS-related mortality trends in the US stratified by age, sex, race, and region.

Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the widespread emergence and persistence of brain fog has led to a decline in people's productivity and quality of life. However, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated brain fog are unclear, and standardized assessments are lacking. This study aims to develop a scale for brain fog assessment and support clinical practice and research.

A growing body of strong evidence shows that the dysfunction of miRNAs plays key roles in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, little data has been reported on the association of their SNPs with PD susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the association of regulatory miR-SNP rs4636297A > G with a functional effect on the expression of miRNA-126, as a key dysregulated miRNA in the PD, with the susceptibility and clinical features of the PD.

Chronic alcoholism refers to the unpleasant symptoms directly resulting from excessive drinking. Increased alcohol metabolites and an unbalanced oxidative state are likely to blame for the reported effects under these circumstances. According to preclinical and clinical research, vitamin B12 can act on several organ systems with demonstrated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and glutamate modulating properties.

Here we report a child of Gullian Barre syndrome (GBS) with opisthotonic posturing and we subsequently detected Scrub typhus in him.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy not only affects the tolerability of chemotherapy, but also causes intolerable and prolonged neuropathic pain in cancer patients. Currently, duloxetine is the only drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the clinical use of this drug still faces several challenges. Therefore, we focused on traditional Chinese medicine to find an effective and safe alternative medicine. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used for treating nerve pain for thousands of years. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on cisplatin-induced nerve injury in PC12 cells and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action.

Strong evidence suggests the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in 5-13% of stroke patients within the first week after stroke onset. The aim of this work was to study risk factors associated with occurrence of CMBs in patients with stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis, and to clarify their impact on the clinical outcome.

This study aimed to present a case of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) dual stimulation for the treatment of postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The objective was to provide a referenceable therapy in cases where medication and psychotherapy treatment are not preferred or contraindicated. This case further emphasized the importance of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in improving the condition of postpartum OCD patients.