PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment is an effective option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). There are few data on the cardiovascular and thromboembolic safety of these agents in mCRPC, as cardiovascular and thromboembolic adverse events (AEs) are uncommon. Our aim was to analyze the incidence and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), thromboembolic events, and hypertension with PARPi therapy in mCRPC.

Treatment landscape in advanced prostate cancer (PC) is evolving. There is limited understanding of the factors influencing decision-making for genetic/genomic testing and the barriers to recommending testing and treatment in international real-world clinical practice following the approval of poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). This work aims to assess genetic/genomic testing patterns and methods, including for homologous recombination repair mutation (HRRm), and treatment decisions among physicians caring for patients with PC across the USA, Europe, and Asia.

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a significant health care challenge and is frequently detected during evaluations for haematuria in emergency departments (EDs). Our aim was to evaluate the clinical performance and economic implications of the Xpert BC Detection (BCD) test for patients presenting to the ED with haematuria to address the pressing need for more efficient and accurate diagnostic tools in this setting.

Positive surgical margins (PSMs) following radical prostatectomy (RP) have been seen as inherently unfavorable. However, a large international multi-institutional study recently revealed that unifocal PSMs (UPSMs) had no impact on prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), whereas multifocal PSMs (MPSMs) did. Our aim was to assess the relative impact of PSMs versus percentage tumor volume (PTV) on PCSM.

Radiation-induced cystitis (RIC) is an important consequence of pelvic radiotherapy that can cause high morbidity and, in extreme cases, mortality. The lack of a widely accepted classification system makes it difficult to compare treatment regimens. Our aim was to develop a new classification system covering the RIC spectrum to improve treatment comparisons and accurate incidence estimates for systematic use in clinical and research settings.

We evaluated the effectiveness of injecting autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) into plaque in men with chronic Peyronie's disease (PD).

Organised prostate cancer (PCa) testing (OPT) was introduced in Sweden to gain knowledge in preparation for a potential national PCa screening programme. This study aims to explore men's opinions regarding the OPT invitation letters and the attitudes influencing their decision to participate in or decline OPT.

Toxicity from local salvage therapy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) remains a concern. This phase 2 study evaluates the outcomes of salvage magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (sTULSA).

Urothelial bladder cancer (UCB) care requires frequent follow-up cystoscopy and surgery. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), a probe-based optical technique for real-time microscopic evaluation, has shown promising accuracy for grading of UCB. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CLE-based assessment of the surgical radicality of the bladder resection bed (RB).

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is strongly recommended by current clinical guidelines for improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, the major limitations are the need for intravenous (IV) contrast and dependence on reader expertise. Efforts to address these issues include use of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and advanced, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. One such advanced technique is the Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs), an imaging biomarker that has been shown to improve quantitative accuracy of patient-level csPCa detection. Advanced Restriction imaging and reconstruction Technology for Prostate MRI (ART-Pro) is a multisite, multinational trial that aims to evaluate whether IV contrast can be avoided in the setting of standardized, state-of-the-art image acquisition, with or without addition of RSIrs. Additionally, RSIrs will be evaluated as a stand-alone, quantitative, objective biomarker. ART-Pro will be conducted in two stages and will include a total of 500 patients referred for multiparametric prostate MRI with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer at the participating sites. ART-Pro-1 will evaluate bpMRI, mpMRI, and RSIrs on the accuracy of expert radiologists' detection of csPCa and will evaluate RSIrs as a stand-alone, quantitative, objective biomarker. ART-Pro-2 will evaluate the same MRI techniques on the accuracy of nonexpert radiologists' detection of csPCa, and findings will be evaluated against the expertly created dataset from ART-Pro-1. The primary endpoint is to evaluate whether bpMRI is noninferior to mpMRI among expert (ART-Pro-1) and nonexpert (ART-Pro-2) radiologists for the detection of grade group ≥2 csPCa. This trial is registered in the US National Library of Medicine Trial Registry (NCT number: NCT06579417) at ClinicalTrials.gov. Patient accrual at the first site (UC San Diego) began in December 2023. Initial results are anticipated by the end of 2026.

Although prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has impacted the investigation and management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, negative scans are common at low rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. PET/CT devices with an extended axial field-of-view, such as the Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra (Quadra) scanner, have substantially higher sensitivity than conventional field-of-view scanners. Our aim was to assess whether the enhanced signal-to-noise ratios achieved on the Quadra scanner improve detection of low-volume disease and thereby increase detection of PC at low PSA levels.

The role of genetic variants in response to systemic therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is still elusive. We assessed variations in genes involved in DNA damage repair (DDR) before and after cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and correlation of alteration patterns with DNA damage and response to therapy.

This study protocol shows the structured design of the randomised controlled phase 3 "PreAct" trial. It hypothesises the use of a fitness tracker-based prehabilitation programme to increase the physical activity of patients prior to radical cystectomy, as measured by the average number of steps per day.

Our aim was to determine the clinical characteristics, temporal trends, and survival outcomes for sarcomatoid-dedifferentiated renal cell carcinoma (sRCC), as sRCC has historically had poor prognosis and a contemporary cohort has not been well characterized in a population-based study.

Management of a long proximal ureteral stricture is challenging. Buccal mucosal graft (BMG) ureteroplasty is a reliable technique for ureteral reconstruction that avoids the morbidity of bowel interposition or autotransplantation. We compared open and robotic BMG ureteroplasty in a two-center study.

Whether radical prostate cancer treatment affects long-term physical performance and physical activity in older men is not known. We aimed to compare physical performance and self-reported physical activity between relapse-free older prostate cancer survivors and population-based controls.

In 2019 and 2021, Europa Uomo initiated the Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study (EUPROMS) and the EUPROMS 2.0 survey, with the goal of collecting data on patients' self-reported perspective on physical and mental well-being outside of a clinical trial setting, to be able to investigate the burden of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment from a patient-to-patient perspective. Acknowledging the importance of collecting quality of life (QoL) follow-up data, a 1-yr follow-up (1yrFU) study was conducted to assess the effect of additional PCa treatment on QoL.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used to capture the patients' perspective of their functional status and quality of life (QoL). Big data can help us better understand patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using prospectively collected data from the Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Enhancement Through the Power of Big Data in Europe (PIONEER) consortium, we aimed to describe the functional status and QoL in men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP), and radiotherapy (RT), and to demonstrate the applicability of PROM data on a large scale and at a European level.

Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) are serious, potentially life-threatening infections that occur in patients with an increased disease progression risk. Antimicrobial resistance represents an important health issue worldwide, contributing to relapses, which can generate further resistances. It is necessary to clarify the role of microbiological eradication as an additional objective in the management of cUTIs. Some publications suggest that relapses relate to insufficient bacterial suppression in the urinary tract. This study focuses on generating a consensus on how patients with cUTIs would benefit from effective antimicrobial agents associated with higher rates of bacterial eradication.

The indication for kidney transplantation over a urinary diversion (UD) for patients with severe lower urinary tract dysfunction and end-stage renal disease is a controversial issue. Thanks to advances in robot-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) programs, the boundaries are being pushed further. We present the first RAKT series reported for patients undergoing simple cystectomy and UD for benign bladder disease. The first case involved simultaneous robot-assisted simple cystectomy with intracorporeal UD and RAKT. The second case involved robot-assisted simple cystectomy with intracorporeal UD and bilateral nephrectomy in the first procedure, followed by RAKT 8 mo later. At 9 mo after surgery, both patients had experienced no complications and had stable renal function with no need for hemodialysis. This first experience of RAKT in patients with cystectomy and UD demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the procedure.

In patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa), prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioguided surgery (PSMA-RGS) prolongs treatment-free survival. Data on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are lacking.