As the surge in large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in ophthalmology continue to expand, this review seeks to update physicians of the current progress, to catalyze further work to harness its capabilities to enhance healthcare delivery in ophthalmology.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, resulting in visual decline. In this review, we discuss its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and the current available evidence on therapeutic management.

This review aims to provide an updated summary of the combined approach of cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty (EK), addressing key considerations, including intraocular lens (IOL) choice and calculation, decision between sequential and triple EK, and modifications in surgical techniques and postoperative management.

Last year marked the development of the first foundation model in ophthalmology, RETFound, setting the stage for generalizable medical artificial intelligence (GMAI) that can adapt to novel tasks. Additionally, rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) technology, including models such as GPT-4 and Gemini, have been tailored for medical specialization and evaluated on clinical scenarios with promising results. This review explores the opportunities and challenges for further advancements in these technologies.

To prospectively review the advances in diagnostics for refractive cataract surgery, focusing on multimodal corneal analysis.

This review examines the challenges and outcomes of cataract surgery after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), focusing on surgical techniques, timing, and complication management.

This review aims to discuss recent advances in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, including newly introduced formulas, classification updates, comparative analyses between formulas, and emerging trends in the field.

This review evaluates the surgical management of glaucoma in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Combining both procedures present challenges in balancing intraocular pressure (IOP) control, minimizing postoperative complications, and achieving optimal refractive outcomes.

To review the literature evaluating the effectiveness of cataract surgery alone and cataract surgery in combination with other procedures and surgeries on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

Artificial tears play a critical role in the management of dry eye disease (DED), providing patient symptomatic relief and improving ocular surface health. Its clinical importance has driven pharmaceutical innovation in terms of its formula and ingredients. The following article is an overview of the artificial tear products on the market.

To review role of artificial intelligence in medicine.

This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself.

The objective of this review article is to ascertain the global distribution of cataract surgery and evaluate the extent of its coverage in recent years.

The purpose of this review is to present two cases of overlap syndrome, or concurrent pigment dispersion syndrome and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The summary of existing literature highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and potential treatment options of overlap syndrome.

Myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment globally, with myopia and its complications thus placing a heavy healthcare and economic burden. With most cases of myopia developing during childhood, interventions to slow myopia progression are most effective when implemented early. To address this public health challenge, artificial intelligence has emerged as a potential solution in childhood myopia management.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used tool to diagnose and monitor glaucoma by objectively measuring the ganglion cell layer and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The presence of RNFL thinning raises suspicion for glaucoma progression. Therefore, this review aims to discuss current approaches to using OCT for detecting glaucomatous change, limitations, and recent advancements.

The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of currently available retinal imaging and visual function testing methods for assessing inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), with the emphasis on the application of deep learning (DL) approaches to assist the determination of structural biomarkers for IRDs.

This review presents guidelines for designing studies and reporting efficacy and safety outcomes in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) research.

To summarize recent evidence about the association between different lifestyle modifications and environmental risk factors and glaucoma.