Antibiotic usage in early life has been proposed as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease. However, most studies were conducted in Western countries.

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) present potential beneficial effects that could offer valuable insights into metabolic and inflammatory diseases. However, few FAHFAs have been studied, and their role is unclear.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment but side effects hamper tolerance. Dexamethasone reduces TACE side effects in patients with viral hepatitis, but data regarding alcohol and metabolic liver diseases are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing TACE-associated adverse events in European populations with predominantly alcoholic and metabolic cirrhosis.

Bowel preparation represents a significant issue to high-quality colonoscopy. Oral mannitol requires a single dose, is of low volume, and has a pleasant taste and rapid action.

In liver cirrhosis, prognosis is profoundly affected by renal function. This study evaluates the usefulness of renal stiffness measurement by point-shear wave elastography and renal perfusion by duplex.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for recurrent rectal neoplastic lesions after transanal microsurgery of superficial rectal neoplasms.

Sarcopenia is an acknowledged risk factor for individuals with chronic liver disease, however, the influence on outcomes in patients receiving transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) remains underexplored.

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly being diagnosed and predicted to rise further. We compared outcomes of transplantation for MASLD-related HCC versus other etiologies (OE).

Gastroenterologists still raise concerns about adopting a non-biopsy strategy for diagnosing celiac disease (CeD) in adults.

Oral antiviral therapy to hepatitis B virus (HBV) with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) is effective in suppressing the viral load leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, functional cure of HBV, indicated by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance from the serum, is rare. Although safety and adherence may represent minor issues in long-term treatment with the available NUCs, more efficacious treatments with finite treatment duration for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are currently undergoing active clinical investigation. Available data suggest that HBsAg loss can be achieved in 10% to 20% of patients after NUC discontinuation, at the cost of about 50% to 80% virological relapse and 40% to 55% retreatment with NUC. With this, NUC treatment in patients with cirrhosis should not be stopped to avoid detrimental risk of hepatic decompensation and death. Viral and immune biomarkers, which may be potentially useful in stratifying the patients at risk of relapse after stopping NUC therapy, are under investigation. In the era of personalized medicine aided by artificial intelligence tools, tight monitoring of viral kinetics and algorithmic modeling appear a promising strategy to assist in individualized decision and conclude the optimal timing of the NUC treatment discontinuation.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Our aim was to identify clinical, laboratory and imaging predictors of preDM/DM in youth post index AP.

Balanced propofol sedation (BPS) administered by adequately trained non-anaesthesiologist personnel has gained popularity in GI endoscopy because of its shorter procedure and recovery time, high patient satisfaction, and low rate of adverse events (AEs), despite being considered controversial. We report data from an audit of endoscopist-directed (ED) nurse-administered sedation in an Italian referral hospital.

Foreign body ingestion (FBI) in children is a critical health concern. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of FBI in children in Italy.