Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) is a traditional Chinese medicine and recorded to have hepatoprotective therapeutic and condition value. Eriocitrin (ER) a natural compound isolated from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium may ameliorate hepatic inflammation in chronic liver diseases.

Dendrobium (commonly known as Shihu in China), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized in the Pharmacopoeia of China (2020 edition), boasts a rich history of medicinal application. Extensive research has been conducted on its Chinese medicinal prescription due to its demonstrated anti-tumour effects in clinical settings. Dendrobium is comprised of a diverse range of chemical compounds, notably the Bibenzyls, Erianin, and Gigantol, which have exhibited significant inhibitory and therapeutic effects on cervical cancer, thereby suggesting potential therapeutic value. However, the comprehensive investigation of Chrysotoxine, a naturally occurring active ingredient of Bibenzyls in Dendrobium, remains incomplete in treatment of cervical cancer.

Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr., from the family Menispermaceae, is widely used in Indian folk and Ayurvedic medicine. Indigenous tribes such as the Tea-tribe and Chorei-tribe of Assam use its bark and stem as a herbal remedy to treat malaria and it is also traditionally employed for conditions such as dyspepsia, inflammation, fever, ulcers, jaundice, diabetes and various urinary, skin, and liver diseases.

The perennial herbaceous plant, Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is primarily grown and harvested for pharmacological purposes in China, Korea, and various tropical regions in South Asia. Turmeric has been used for centuries as an indigenous medicine. In particular, Ayurveda has been extensively used to treat, prevent, and manage multiple illnesses, including inflammation, allergies, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, diarrhea, psoriasis, and digestive issues. Importantly, various studies have confirmed the presence of numerous active compounds with health-enhancing biological properties in turmeric leaves and pseudostems.

Epilepsy (EP) is one of the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders in children, characterised by a prolonged course and a propensity for recurrence. Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is commonly employed in the clinical management of EP and has demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Phyllanthus amarus is ethnomedicinally used to treat gallbladder stones, kidney stones and chronic liver diseases. P. amarus is gaining popularity as an ingredient in many botanical dietary supplements.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a global public health concern that increases the risk of death, end-stage renal disease, and prolonged hospital admissions. As of this point, supportive measures like fluid resuscitation and replacement therapy for renal failure are the only treatments available for treating AKI. Asparagus racemosus (AR) also known as Shatavari, belongs to family Liliaceae and is considered exceptional in Ayurvedic medicine due to its versatility in treating and preventing a variety of illnesses.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) represents the most prevalent form of candidal infections, imposing a significant societal burden. Kushen gel, a chinese patent medicine, has demonstrated favorable outcomes in the treatment of VVC. In clinical practice, Kushen gel is often used in conjunction with antifungal drugs. However, the clinical evidence supporting the combined use of Kushen gel with antifungal drugs for the treatment of VVC is currently limited.

Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula composed of 10 medicinal herbs, historically used to strengthen the spleen, replenish qi, and alleviate fatigue-related symptoms. SLBZS originates from the 'Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang' of the Song Dynasty. Central fatigue (CF), a subtype of fatigue, is considered in TCM to be closely associated with spleen deficiency. However, there is currently a lack of research on SLBZS's therapeutic effects on CF and the pharmacological mechanisms underlying its potential benefits.

Tongbian Decoction (TBD) is a traditional Chinese botanical drug preparation which has been reported to improve constipation in patients. Due to the lack of a well-understood action mechanism of TBD, we examined the effects of TBD in cell autophagy via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian aimed of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway associated with constipation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses significant threats to public health. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (PCC/AR) herb pair has long been used for T2DM treatment, although its specific anti-diabetic mechanisms remain unclear.

Fallopia aubertii (L. Henry) Holub (F. aubertii), a traditional Tibetan medicine, is used in China for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). However, the chemical constituents of F. aubertii and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs remain poorly understood.

Mentha longifolia L. has been employed to treat cough, lung inflammation, and bronchial asthma disorders.

Realgar is a mineral medicine with a long history that can be used externally or internally. It is often used to treat skin diseases and leukemia in clinical practice. Realgar exhibits a polycrystalline phenomenon, and it remains unknown whether there is a difference in the efficacies of the different realgar crystalline forms.

Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. It consists of six crude herbs, including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Cauthamus tinctorius L. It has been used to treat blood stasis syndrome in Chinese clinics for thousands of years. According to recent research, TSD may be useful in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible mechanism of TSD on AUB after drug-induced incomplete abortion.

Yougui Pill (YGP), originating from Jingyue Quanshu, comprises 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). This classic prescription is renowned for its ability to tonify the kidney, warm the kidney, promote yang, warm the interior, and dispel cold. YGP has proven effective in treating degenerative knee arthritis, osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and other orthopedic conditions, making it a widely used clinical prescription for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

The dried fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (FLL), known as Nuzhenzi, is traditionally recognized for its anti-aging properties in Chinese medicine. Nuezhenide, a water-soluble secoiridoid present in FLL, has demonstrated various pharmacological activities including neuroprotection, enhancement of learning and memory, antiosteoporotic, and antiviral activities. These therapeutic benefits align with the anti-aging effects attributed to ghrelin, particularly in the modulation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR-1a) signaling.

Ardisia Crispae Radix et Rhizoma comprises three primary source plants: Ardisia crenata Sims, Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., and Ardisia crenata Sims var. bicolor (Walk) C. Y. Wu et C. Chen. These species are prevalent in mid-to-low-latitude regions and are traditionally utilized as herbal medicines in East Asia and India. They have demonstrated notable efficacy in anti-inflammatory properties and possess potential anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic activities.

In China, Maimendong Decoction (MMDD) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription for treating lung diseases, such as cough, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and so on. However, the mechanism by which MMDD inhibits lung cancer metastasis remains unclear.

Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels is a well-known traditional medicinal plant. In China, it is a common blood tonic drug that has been inherited for thousands of years. There is a consensus that Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels has a protective effect against various liver diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and its active components on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have not been clearly defined yet.