Endometriosis is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) and urogenital (UG) microbial dysbiosis in patients with endometriosis (P-EOSIS). Sexual partner exposure may contribute to microbial dysbiosis but has not been studied in P-EOSIS. We hypothesized that sexual partner number, hormonal and surgical therapy would affect GI/UG microbial dysbiosis in P-EOSIS.

Double- and single-strand DNA breaks (DSBs and SSBs, respectively) in spermatozoa, which emerge from intrinsic and extrinsic degenerative processes, are likely related to the underlying male pathology.

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been described, but data remain scarce and conflicting.

Success of assisted reproductive techniques depends on multiple factors including maternal endocrine status, hormonal balance, and paternal sperm quality. A comprehensive pre-treatment evaluation allows better prediction of outcomes and avoidance of unnecessary procedures and expenses.

Frailty has been conceptualized not only as a physical disease, but also as a multidomain entity that encompasses a multimorbid status, disability, cognitive impairment, psychosocial risk factors, and even geriatric syndromes. In addition to physical ailments and depending on the diagnostic model. Standardized neuropsychological tests can identify cognitive deficiencies along with mild cognitive impairment, a pre-dementia stage characterized by memory and/or other cognitive domain impairments with relatively preserved instrumental activities of daily living. Hence, the possibility of cognitive frailty (CF), a construct that refers to physical frailty in concurrence with non-dementia cognitive decline, is proposed. The estimated prevalence of CF ranges from 10.3 to 42.8%. It is likely that the pathway to overt cognitive impairment, which does not yet involve physical function, begins with the asymptomatic early accumulation of progressive brain damage. Thus, timely detection strategies that target the initial phases of CF are warranted. The pathophysiological components of CF include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis stress response, imbalance in energy metabolism, impaired cardiovascular function, mitochondrial deterioration, and vascular age-related arterial stiffness. Changes that contribute to this disease can also occur at the cellular level, including overexpression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, activation of proinflammatory pathways, endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide production, and increased oxidative stress. Non-pharmacological interventions, that range from dietary and nutritional counseling to psychosocial therapy, are currently the main approaches. Both cognitive and physical training programs are considered to be the best researched and most useful multidomain interventions. Clinicians recognize CF as a valid concept that warrants prevention and treatment strategies supported by current research.

Suicides are a major public health problem with serious consequences for societies.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The gold standard test for a positive diagnosis of definite CJD is histopathological confirmation, usually post-mortem; however, an autopsy study is not always feasible in all health settings.

Prostatitis is characterized by high prevalence, low cure rates, and frequent recurrences, and remains one of the most clinically challenging problems. Hence, in this article, we first integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data to identify novel therapeutic targets and their potential metabolic mechanisms for prostatitis.

Sarcopenia has been with a decrease in masseter muscle (MM) thickness in high-risk older populations. However, the relationship between sarcopenia and determinants of MM volume (MMV) in the general elderly population remains unclear.

Low muscle mass is common in hospitalized patients. It is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Reported prevalence varies widely due to non-universally accepted diagnostic criteria and the heterogeneity of the populations studied. Non-surgical ill patients are underrepresented in the literature.

JAK2 exon 12 mutation status and the clinical characteristics of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) in Asia remain to be defined.

Chile has made significant progress in recent decades in implementing policies to improve the efficiency of its health system with an impact on population health.

Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone produced by the lactotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Among its myriads of biological functions, PRL is the main regulator of mammary gland growth and development, as well as of the production and secretion of milk. Hyperprolactinemia represents a frequent consultation cause in medical practice. Nevertheless, elevations in serum PRL are not always pathological. Drug induced hyperprolactinemia is the most common cause, mainly by antipsychotics, followed by other causes such as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, physiologic conditions, and systemic diseases such as chronic kidney disease and hypothyroidism. When evaluating a patient with hyperprolactinemia it is of utmost importance to consider the diverse etiologies of this condition in order to avoid unnecessary diagnostic workup and treatment. Regarding reproductive health, hyperprolactinemia is a well-documented cause of infertility, as approximately 15-20% of women undergoing infertility evaluation have hyperprolactinemia, which causes secondary amenorrhea, and other menstrual irregularities. Similarly, in men it is a cause of hypogonadism.

This study aims to analyze the perspectives of key stakeholders within Mexico's health system regarding the policy response to COVID-19 in 2020 to inform future policy formulation.

Lethal synergistic infections by concurrent pathogens have occurred in humans, including human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, or in animal or human models of influenza virus, or bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, concurrent with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the intracellular synergistic interaction possibilities between two respiratory viral pathogens, or between viral and fungal pathogens, merits additional examination. The requirements for synergistic concurrent pathogen infections are: a) relatively little detrimental interference between two pathogens, b) one pathogen having the capability of directly or indirectly assisting the second pathogen by direct immuno-manipulation or indirect provision of infection opportunities and/or metabolic assistance, c) substantial human or environmental prevalence, possibly including a prevalence in any type of health-care facilities or other locations having congregations of potentially infected human or animal vectors and d) substantial transmissibility of the pathogens, which would make their concurrent pathogen infections much more probable. A new definition of pathogen synergy is proposed: "pathogen synergy is an interaction of two or more pathogens during concurrent infections causing an increased infection severity compared to mono-infections by the individual pathogens." Non-respiratory pathogens can also concurrently infect organs besides the lungs. However, the air-transmissible respiratory pathogens, particularly the RNA viruses, can enable highly widespread and synergistic concurrent infections. For instance, certain strains of coronaviruses, influenza viruses and similar respiratory viruses, are highly transmissible and/or widely prevalent in various vectors for transmission to humans and have numerous capabilities for altering lung immune defenses.

The Nigerian healthcare system, including medical laboratories, operates in a three-tiered structure across public and private sectors. Lessons from COVID-19 show the urgent need for a guideline to drive medical laboratory service integration.

The recent outbreak of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 has highlighted the need to strengthen public health systems to respond effectively to such crises. While previous research has identified various public health interventions for pandemics, there remains a significant gap in understanding which interventions can strengthen public health systems during emerging respiratory pandemics and under what conditions. To address this gap, we conducted a realist review to examine public health interventions during emerging respiratory disease pandemics, focusing on context, mechanisms, and outcomes. We conducted a literature search across PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science for studies published since 2003. Finally, we analyzed and assessed the quality of 601 articles and analyzed 32 of them. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the situational, structural, cultural, and environmental contexts that influence public health interventions within the six building blocks of public health systems. We have also identified the mechanisms of these interventions at the individual, organizational, and national levels for successful outcomes, such as improved access to health services, health equity, and effectiveness. This information is important for policymakers and practitioners who can use it to develop evidence-based strategies to strengthen public health systems during emerging respiratory disease pandemics. Our review introduced a new conceptual model to explore the interaction between context, interventions, mechanisms, and outcomes to strengthen public health systems. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of specific contextual factors on public health system interventions during respiratory disease pandemics.

Prognosis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the main inherited cause of kidney failure, relies on estimating cystic growth using linear formulas derived from height-adjusted total kidney volume (Ht-TKV). However, nonlinear renal growth patterns may occur in typical ADPKD.

Aging can lead to a decline in motor control. While age-related motor impairments have been documented, the underlying changes in cortico-cortical interactions remain poorly understood.