Adults in Nepal ( = 14) and Malawi ( = 12) were interviewed about their views regarding social competence of 5- to 17-year-old children in their societies. Both Nepali and Malawian adults discussed themes consistent with those expected in collectivistic societies with economic challenges (e.g., respect and obedience, family responsibilities, social relationships). There were also unique themes emphasized in each country, which may correspond with country-specific religious beliefs or social problems (e.g., rules and self-control, sexual restraint). Nepali adults described a wider variety of socialization strategies compared with Malawian adults. Results provide novel information regarding adults' perceptions of children's social competence in Nepal and Malawi and may help guide the development of measures of social competence.