In patients undergoing thyroidectomy for malignant disease, lower quality of life scores were observed in the early postoperative period compared to those undergoing thyroidectomy for benign causes.

Osteonecrosis (ON) is bone death caused by inadequate blood supply and its optimal management remains uncertain.

Turner syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal abnormality in about 1:2000-2500 live female births. While short stature and delayed puberty are the most common presentations of patients, atypical findings can also be seen. In this article, we present the Turner twins, who were diagnosed during inguinal hernia surgery when bilateral uterus and ovaries were found within the hernia sac. To the best of our knowledge, our cases were the first defined heterokaryotic monozygotic twins with isochromosome Xq 46,X,i(X)(q10) and Xq mosacism (46,X,i(X)(q10;q10)[42]/47,X,i(X)(q10;q10)x2[8]).

Chronic inflammation is associated with different cancers, and is identified as a key pathogenic mechanism in ovarian cancer. The purpose of our study was to evaluate systemic inflammation markers, as predictive and prognostic factors, in ovarian cancer patients with initial surgical treatment.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder stemming from pancreatic dysfunction, is surging in India, notably among those aged 60 and above. The escalating disease prevalence in this demographic necessitates heightened medication use, escalating the risk of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). This underscores the vital role of ADR monitoring to curtail potential harm.

Infertility is a very discussed problem in many endocrinological and gynecological courses and congresses. In a rapidly revolving environment women tend to postpone pregnancy to have security in their financial life and career.We discuss primary and secondary infertility and the hormonal results in women that presented for a desire to conceive with their partner.Infertility is considered to have many causes and annual follow-up is important, especially in women with no children and a stable partner.Hormonal parameters are often not recommended until late after 30 years of age, in women who adress routine consultations and should be considered much early on in their reproductive life, especially in women with familly history of premature menopause.

Obesity epidemic, developed in recent decades with global dissemination, brings scientific interest in causes and consequences for mankind. It is of interest whether obesity existed under different, non-obesogenic environments in ancient time. There is evidence for particular obesity existence in artefacts and pictures from caves, originated in ancient times. Human female figurines from Stone Age that represent obesity were discovered in different countries indicating that some form of obesity existed 30.000 years ago. It is supposed that most of these figures represent in some way "Mother of Goddess " connected with fertility. Records from Ancient Egyptian and Biblical eras through Greco-Roman to Medieval times indicate that obesity was present throughout peoples of previous centuries in history, although peoples of previous centuries would probably have experienced overweight and obesity as exceptional rather than normal.

Detection of parathyroid incidentalomas (PTIs) by ultrasonography (US) generally depends on clinical experience and it can be usually confused with perithyroidal lymph nodes.

Denosumab,a monoclonal IgG2 antibody directed against RANK-L,is used as a neoadjuvant therapy for inoperable or metastatic giant cell tumor of bone. Many side effects like as hypocalcemia during treatment and rarely severe hypercalcemia especially in children after discontinuation of denosumab occurred. The unpredictable onset and recurrent episodes of severe hypercalcemia increase the duration of hospitalization and the risk of complications. Persistent hypercalcemia and difficulties in management have prompted the search for different more effective therapeutic options.

Thyroid dysfunction represents common disorder occurring very frequently among women of reproductive age, including pregnancy. The aim of this literature review was to determine in which way thyroid function during pregnancy is associated with GDM.

Parathyroid cancer is an uncommon endocrine malignancy. It has slow clinical course and low malignancy potential. It represents 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism. It results with more agrressive biological behaviour and severe clinical condition than benign reasons. Extended resection in the first operation is essential for PC treatment and decreases local recurrence that is observed in high frequency. Palliative surgery should be considered in patients with unresectable tumor. Immunotherapy and recent interventional radiological procedures are considered for patients that are unfit to surgery. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited however recent immunization studies are promising. Parathyroid cancer epidemiology, staging system, diagnosis and advancements in treatment are considered according to recent literature in this review.

Understanding factors delaying recovery in thyrotoxicosis patients is crucial for optimizing treatment plan.

Urinary Bladder paraganglioma accounts for 0.06% of all bladder tumors and 1% of all pheochromocytoma. Most tumors are localized at the dome or trigone and are unifocal. The presenting complaints are painless hematuria, micturition syncope. It may be sporadic or associated with hereditary predisposition syndromes such as Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome.

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with many different musculoskeletal system problems.

Studies indicate a decrease in spatial memory across species as they age. Moreover, consistent administration of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) improves learning abilities in older rats that have undergone gonadectomy.

Sweet's syndrome (SS) or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a dermatological illness that can be described by tender erythematous plaques or nodules and acute onset fever. The etiology is multifactorial and is not fully understood. SS is separated in three subclasses: classical, malignancy-associated, and drug-induced. It was shown that this syndrome can reveal an underlying hematological or solid malignancy.

Few prognostic analyses have been conducted for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with preablative stimulated Tg >10 ng/mL. We investigated the therapeutic responses and prognosis of these patients after the initial radioiodine (RAI) therapy.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability, and can be diagnosed in the early period through neonatal screening programs.

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of the USA and world population about osteoporosis, taking into account seasonal variations and economic conditions.

Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between creatinine and cystatin levels and thyroid disorders.