Pituitary adenomas are common benign intracranial tumors. This study aimed to explore the relevant factors influencing the cavernous sinus medial wall invasion by Pituitary adenomas based on intraoperative evaluation. Meanwhile, the authors introduced a safe technique for the resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus and conducted a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of this technique.

Sagittal synostosis (SS) is the most prevalent form of craniosynostosis. It is the premature fusion of the sagittal suture, resulting in a "boat like" skull shape. Early surgical intervention is crucial to prevent complications, yet no standard procedure exists for patients over 12 months old. This study introduces the "Scarab technique", a novel surgical approach for late-presenting SS cases diagnosed after 1 year of age.

The pattern, rate, and natural history of bone flap resorption following cranioplasty with frozen, autologous bone flap has not been fully defined. The authors sought to quantify the progression and natural history of bone flap resorption.

The incidence of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is low, but the pain of GPN is severe and seriously affects the patient's life. We report a case with GPN, who had pain relief after treatment with high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with duloxetine. This case indicates that high-voltage PRF combined with duloxetine may be an effective approach for reducing pain in patients with GPN, and duloxetine may have a potential advantage for patients with evoked pain.

Temporal facelift (TFL) is an innovative technique for lifting the upper and mid-face. It is characterized by a unique dissection plane above the subgaleal fascia, which seamlessly transitions into the sub-superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) layer in the mid-face. This approach enables comprehensive mid-face elevation, robust canthopexy, and a significant brow lift in various vectors.

To investigate the clinical application of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and recovery of swallowing function in patients with lesions involving both the oral and base of the tongue (OBOT). Patients diagnosed with OBOT lesions underwent assessments preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively. The swallowing function evaluation included the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), University of Washington Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer, water swallow test, tongue motion measurement, and FEES (a simple dysphagia score, and penetration-aspiration scale). Postoperative swallowing rehabilitation uses functional therapy. In total, 18 patients participated in this study. The FEES-based dysphagia score had high reliability and diagnostic value. FEES parameters were significantly correlated with results of the water swallow test and MDADI scores. At 1 year postoperatively, the swallowing function of patients with OBOT lesions returned to preoperative levels, although their quality of life was impacted. FEES is a reliable method for evaluating the postoperative swallowing function of patients with OBOT lesions and is worth clinically promoting. Although the swallowing function of these patients was restored, attention should be paid to the quality of life.

To evaluate the outcomes of skeletal anchorage-supported maxillary protraction and prostetic restoration in a patient with class III malocclusion and hypodontia.

Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is one of the most popular free flaps in the history of reconstructive microsurgery. Due to its characteristics, it has found its main application in reconstructions in the head and neck region. Before harvesting this flap due to the removal of 1 of the 2 major forearm arteries, an Allen test has historically been recommended. However, is it necessary to use this test in every patient? During the period of 2013 to 2023, 237 RFFF reconstructions were performed on 220 patients. Each surgeon performing a given procedure received a questionnaire to complete, which concentrated on only 2 questions, each had 2 possible answers. The first, whether the Allen test was performed before harvesting the radial forearm free flap, and second, if there was, whether it ever resulted in the change of the approach to reconstruction. In a whole analyzed group of 237 harvested flaps, there were no acute or chronic ischemic complications regarding the hand itself. Three surgeons who performed the RFFF most frequently stated that they had never done Allen test during the last decade. The remaining number of operators have assured that they always have used Allen test, but the result has never forced them to change the approach. Our study shows that the Allen test has limited utility in patients where the radial forearm flap was harvested from a previously intact donor site.

Height augmentation and cephalic contouring using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers represent an innovative approach in minimally invasive aesthetic medicine. This study introduces a novel technique for vertex augmentation, leveraging cross-linked HA fillers to achieve subtle height enhancement and cephalic contouring. A 42-year-old male patient seeking non-surgical height augmentation underwent vertex injections with 15 ml of HA filler (e.p.t.q. eve X, Jetema Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea), using a multidirectional spreading technique under local anesthesia. The procedure resulted in an immediate and sustained 1.2 cm height increase with no adverse effects at a 6-month follow-up. The vertex's low vascularity and favorable anatomic features minimized complications and enhanced safety. This method also holds potential for cephalic contouring in female patients, providing subtle cranial volume for aesthetic purposes. The findings highlight the adaptability of HA fillers beyond traditional facial applications, offering a safe, effective alternative to surgical interventions. Further studies are encouraged to validate long-term outcomes and expand patient applicability.

This study aimed to determine whether significant differences in nasalance can be detected through sentence reading among Chilean Spanish speakers with balanced resonance and those simulating hypernasality, hyponasality, or mixed resonance. The study recruited 30 Chilean participants (15 men and 15 women), with a mean age of 23 years, without velopharyngeal dysfunction. Participants were trained to simulate different types of resonance disorders, using 15 sentences classified into 3 categories: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants. Nasalance was measured with a nasometric assessment using a nasometer 6450 in 4 resonance conditions: balanced, hypernasality, hyponasality, and mixed resonance. Repeated-measures ANOVA statistical analyses and Tukey post hoc tests were applied. The results showed significant differences in nasalance scores between balanced resonance and simulated hypernasality, hyponasality, and mixed resonance. Nasalance values were comparable to those reported in previous studies with Spanish speakers. Reading the sentences in question allows us to identify significant differences in nasalance between subjects with balanced resonance and simulated hypernasality, hyponasality, and mixed resonance. Future studies should investigate these sentences in real patients and use a blind randomized methodology to validate auditory-perceptual evaluation and nasometry.

Immunotherapy targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway with monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated significant and durable efficacy across various malignancies. However, these immunotherapies can induce adverse reactions, collectively referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Most irAEs occur during immunotherapy. To date, there have been no reported cases of immune thrombocytopenia occurring after the cessation of immunotherapy and subsequent surgery. This article aims to detail such an immune-related adverse event.

Utilizing data extracted from Scopus and Web of Science databases, all the publications comparing "Superficial Parotidectomy" AND "Extracapsular dissection" were considered. Original research, review articles, letters, and note articles were included. Data about publication frequency, language distribution, authorship patterns, co-occurrence of keywords, and citation counts were extracted. In addition, visual analysis techniques such as co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence and citation networks, and bibliographic coupling maps were employed to visualize relationships and patterns within the literature. From the Scopus database, a total of 152 records were identified and screened, resulting in the inclusion of 42 papers. The most cited paper (102 times) was published in Laryngoscope Journal. Bibliometric analysis of co-citation revealed 797 cited references and 1284 cited authors. From the Web of Science database, a total of 211 records were identified and screened, resulting in the inclusion of 28 papers. This study provides a deeper overview of the landscape surrounding the comparison between extracapsular dissection and superficial parotidectomy for benign parotid tumors and insights about research trends, collaboration patterns, and knowledge dissemination in this clinical area to facilitate evidence-based practice and guide future research.

Cleft palate surgery can be complicated by fistula development. It is well known that undernutrition in general leads to more postoperative complications. However, little is known about postoperative fistula development after cleft palate surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC's).

Management of mandibular ballistic trauma is poorly delineated, given the variable injury complexity. This study examines surgical outcomes and presents a novel scoring system to define and guide the management of low-velocity ballistic mandibular fractures.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of submental liposuction with advancement genioplasty versus advancement genioplasty alone on esthetics in double chin patients. Twenty-six patients with deficient chin were included in the study. The patients were distributed into 2 groups: submental fat liposuction in conjunction with advancement genioplasty group as intervention one and advancement genioplasty alone as a control group. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography was performed for all patients. With the help of various software, diagnosis, virtual planning, and evaluation were done. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by a Face-Q questionnaire. The study was conducted on 26 patients with deficient chin, 88.9% were females and 11.1% were males. The mean age of cases was (25.5±3.5 y), clinically all cases went uneventful, and there were no statistically significant differences regarding soft tissue relapse between the study and control groups. All patients showed statistically significant increases in scores of satisfaction with the chin, psychological well-being, and social well-being scales. Submental fat liposuction can be a good intervention choice in mild-moderate chin deficient cases when added to an advanced genioplasty procedure.

Scarring alopecia significantly impacts patients' appearance and psychological well-being. Surgery is a common cause of scarring alopecia, making positive treatment crucial for patients' overall health.

Controversy exists around the optimal timing of resection of nevus sebaceous (NS). The authors aim to determine optimal timing of NS resection and identify predictors of surgical outcomes and secondary intralesional neoplasms.

The facial approach remains a challenge in maxillectomy and reconstruction. Various surgical approaches have been developed to improve cosmetic outcomes. The authors herein present a novel approach for endoscopic-assisted maxillectomy with minimal facial incision and endoscopic-assisted vascularized fibular osteomyocutaneous flap (VFOF) reconstruction. Between February 2023 and June 2024, 6 patients who underwent endoscopic-assisted subtotal or total maxillectomy and reconstruction with VFOF using a minimal facial incision approach at a single hospital were reviewed. Transconjunctival incisions were performed in some patients. Fibular bone placement for midface defects was performed using the stacked fibula method. The exposed bone and titanium plates in the nasal cavity were covered with a nasal septal mucosal flap and a fibular skin paddle. The oronasal fistula was closed using another fibular skin paddle in the oral cavity. All patients with VFOF after maxillectomy were successfully treated, maintained their overall facial contours postoperatively, and were satisfied with their facial appearance.

To review cases of lateral brow dermoid cysts and gain insight into the utility of preoperative imaging, incidence of intraorbital extension, and recurrence rate.

Once scars form and begin to proliferate, treatment becomes challenging. Traditional methods of scar treatment often provide suboptimal results. Therefore, early intervention has become widely accepted, with a focus on prevention during the wound-healing phase rather than later treatment. Here, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of early treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with fractional erbium laser in preventing the formation of post-traumatic hypertrophic scars.

Secondary alveolar bone grafting (sABG) is crucial for the treatment of alveolar clefts. However, postoperative bone formation using a graft material comprising a mixture of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and chin bone has been previously evaluated only 2-dimensionally, using plain radiographic images. In this study, the authors aimed to retrospectively and 3-dimensionally assess bone formation following sABG in patients with an alveolar cleft, using a mixture of β-TCP and chin bone. Thirty-eight patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (CLA, n=13) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP, n=25) who underwent sABG at our hospital were recruited. The grafted material was replaced with normal bone structure within 6 months postsurgery. The authors conducted a 3-dimensional evaluation utilizing cone-beam computed tomography images taken before surgery and at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months postsurgery. Bone survival rates inside and outside the dental arch were 56.3% and 4.6%, respectively. No patients exhibited complete resorption of the material. This combination of β-TCP and chin bone demonstrated favorable bone formation following sABG in patients with unilateral CLA and CLP.