Reports of congenital isolated medial rectus muscle abnormalities are relatively uncommon and are seldom seen. According to our clinical experience, some rare cases of abnormalities could not be detected by clinical examination and imaging before surgical treatment, which brought difficulties to diagnosis and surgery.

Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital anomaly of optic nerve head and is associated with maculopathy. Scleral patch graft (SPG) as a therapeutic option is recently advocated.

Overproduction of IL-8 in the retina and optic nerve may affect the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and contribute to axonal damage in glaucoma. The -251T > A functional variant in the promoter region of the IL8 gene is known to affect its transcriptional activity, as demonstrated in in vitro assays.

Monitoring for potential inflammatory events following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) injection is crucial with the use of new agents such as aflibercept 8 mg. Despite a safety profile comparable to aflibercept 2 mg in pivotal and phase 3 studies, reporting such cases in clinical practice helps evaluate potential risk of these agents.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease entity characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, which usually accompanied by papilledema. However, diagnosing papilledema can be challenging in patients with preexisting ocular conditions, such as high myopia.

Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis (ARPE, Krill's disease) is a rare inflammatory retinal disorder commonly affecting young adults. It often presents unilaterally with central vision disruption, and typically resolves with vision restoration within 6 to 12 weeks. The pathogenesis of ARPE remains a subject of ongoing debate. Adaptive Optics Flood Illumination Ophthalmoscopy (AO-FIO) imaging has emerged as a valuable tool capable of detecting early cone photoreceptor changes and recovery. This case study presents two patients with ARPE, with longitudinal follow-up using multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and AO-FIO.

Orbital Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder of extranodal origin.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis remains poorly defined although inflammation is known to play a critical role. In this study, we investigated the levels of complement proteins in the aqueous humour and plasma of RVO participants and the relationship between complement levels and retinal pathologies.

Maladaptive illness perception and coping strategies have been linked to illness-related quality of life in patients with chronic diseases. However, the impact of illness perception and coping strategies on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), a significant microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the associations among illness perception, coping styles, and VRQOL in Chinese patients with DR, and to explore the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between illness perception and VRQOL.

Blepharitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the eyelids that affects a large proportion of patients in eye care settings. First-line treatments provide only partial relief for many patients. The BlephEx™ device provides automated eyelid debridement and aims to remove pathogenic biofilms from the eyelid margin to treat blepharitis long-term. However, evidence supporting the efficacy of BlephEx™ is limited.

We present the treatment and follow-up of a rare patient with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with optic neuropathy as the first manifestation.

Thelaziasis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae, Thelazia), which can cause mild to severe signs and lesions, such as foreign body sensation, itching, tearing, eye pain, conjunctival bleeding, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and even blindness. Thelaziasis cases have been reported mainly in agricultural areas and areas with high potential for contact with domestic animals [1].

Corneal subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) are characteristic clinical findings of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). In eyes with SEIs, both corneal opacity and irregular astigmatism may interfere with vision. However, irregular astigmatism is often overlooked in patients with AKC. Here, we report a case of decreased vision due to irregular corneal surfaces detected by Placido ring mires in eyes with corneal SEIs after AKC.

This study aimed to report the clinical characteristics, surgical indications, outcomes and long-term complications of full-thickness or lamellar corneal patch grafts for various indications.

Our study aims to evaluate and compare the macular microvascular condition of the intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB)-treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) cases to the preterm cases without ROP and spontaneously regressed ROPs.

To investigate the quantitative vascular and structural differences in the foveal region of the eyes in retinopathy of prematurity children with or without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

To assess and compare the therapeutic outcomes of 0.05% Cyclosporine A (CsA) ophthalmic solution versus 0.1% Fluorometholone (FML) eyedrops in Chinese patients with mild dry eye disease (DED) unresponsive to conventional artificial tears (AT).

To describe a rare case of infiltrative optic neuropathy (ION) caused by vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) with hyperreflective deposits in the intraretinal and subretinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layers before the disease onset.

To highlight the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) combined with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) patients refractory to steroids and cholinesterase inhibitor (CEI).

Keratoplasty is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with healthy donor tissue, thereby restoring vision. Recent advancements have led to the replacement of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with the more selective deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) procedure, especially for treating keratoconus. Although DALK typically has a shorter recovery time, less pain and a lower risk of rejection, PKP is still being performed for more severe corneal diseases. A comparative study of clinical profiles, treatment outcomes and patient-reported satisfaction will provide valuable insights into the cost-effectiveness, impact on quality of life and ability of each procedure to treat different pathologies of the cornea. Here, we aimed to compare the clinical and subjective outcomes of DALK with those of the PKP at a single center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This study investigated postoperative bony realignment using follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with blowout fracture repair using an alloplastic implant.