This paper studies the joint dynamics of foreign direct investments (FDI) and output growth in European regions by using spatially augmented systems of equations modeling framework that incorporates third-region and spillover effects. The joint framework is used to study the dynamic impacts of regional human capital endowments, which demonstrates the importance of explicitly accounting for an endogenous relationship. The relationship is highlighted in a stylized projection exercise, where the long-run impacts are pronounced in Eastern Europe and capital cities. Overall, ignoring the relationship of regional economic performance and FDI distorts the implied transmission mechanism, which is of utmost importance for policy makers.

This paper proposes an ensemble predictor for the weekly increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the city of New York at zip code level. Within a Bayesian model averaging framework, the baseline is a Poisson regression for count data. The set of covariates includes autoregressive terms, spatial effects, and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Our results for the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic show that these regressors are more significant to predict the number of new confirmed cases as the pandemic unfolds. Both pointwise and interval forecasts exhibit strong predictive ability in-sample and out-of-sample.

This paper looks at the results of the referendum on the United Kingdom membership to the European Union in order to test the link between the internationalization of the local economy and the openness of the local society as factors associated with the Leave vote (Brexit). The paper compares a number of alternative explanations put forward in the public debate after the referendum. The empirical analysis suggests that the outcome of the referendum can be linked to an increasing tension between the ever increasing internationalization of local firms and the 'localistic' attitude of their employees. Brexit can be seen as the result of a process of 'split Europeanization' whereby Euroscepticism is triggered by the increasing mismatch between internationalized economies (and corporate economic interests) and localistic societies (and workers' attitudes and cultural preferences).

"This article proposes a generalized urban spatial structure and transportation network, and adapts the Garin-Lowry model to simulate both population and service employment densities in this hypothetical, yet realistic, city. The model is solved numerically while varying exogenous factors such as the distance friction coefficients and the spatial distribution of basic employment.... The results are generalized by estimating, via regression analysis, density functions over a large sample of simulated density patterns, pointing to the critical importance of transportation costs and basic employment distribution, and providing a basis for further empirical studies."

The authors discuss the regional REGARD model, developed by Statistics Norway to analyze the regional implications of macroeconomic development of employment, labor force, and unemployment. "In building the model, empirical analyses of regional producer behavior in manufacturing industries have been performed, and the relation between labor market development and regional migration has been investigated. Apart from providing a short description of the REGARD model, this article demonstrates the functioning of the model, and presents some results of an application."

"In this paper we try to provide an assessment of the role that migration research has played over the course of the more than 40 years in which regional science has existed as a recognizable, multidisciplinary academic enterprise.... To carry out our analyses we developed a data base of papers published in five leading regional science journals." The authors "attempt to set the regional science contributions in the context of migration research more generally, comparing the results of the journal analysis to a broader sample of migration abstracts published in the Population Index."

"Using microdata sources available from the U.S. Census Bureau and Statistics Canada, this paper contrasts primary, return and onward migration in the two countries. These classifications are based on information on the region (state or province) of birth and region of residence at the start and end of the census period. To study the propensities to make a primary, return or onward migration, rates are calculated...and compared with previous census periods. Analysis reveals that both countries have experienced similar temporal patterns, and that primary, return and onward migration patterns tend to be similar. Analysis using a nested logit model further reveals that return and onward migration in both countries can be similarly explained." Data are from the Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) for the United States and the Public Use Micro File (PUMF) for Canada.

"This paper aims to investigate the theoretical background of Allen and Sanglier's model, slightly modifying it. We construct a dynamic two-city population model in which there are different types of urban functions in the cities. Population dynamics of both cities are expressed in terms of a system of differential equations of the logistic type, taking account of spatial interaction between them. For this model, both the existence condition and the globally asymptotic stability of the equilibrium state are theoretically explored. Then configurations of equilibrium population distribution that correspond to different combinations of the numbers of types of urban functions in two cities are also examined. Finally, some numerical simulations are done in order to supplement the theoretical considerations."

"The relationship between urbanization and level of income has been the subject of considerable theoretical debate and empirical study for many years. However, little recent work has been done to determine whether or not previous findings still hold, and there has been even less multi-country analysis to explore the degree of generality. Analysis of data for metropolitan areas in the United States from 1970 to 1990 indicates per capita income increases directly with population size. For states of the United states and 113 countries for 1960 and 1980 a strong positive relationship exists and holds temporally between level of per capita Gross Domestic Product and percent of the population that is urban."

"An administrative register, the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR), is used by the Census Office (OPCS) to produce counts of NHS patients re-registering in different Family Health Service Authorities (FHSAs) in England and Wales. These movement data can be used to establish how unique or typical the migration occurring in the year prior to the Census was in relation to that for the whole decade. This paper examines national, regional and local examples of the information that can be extracted from a database system called TIMMIG that provides access to an NHSCR migration time series and a parallel series of mid-year population estimates. In advance of the publication of Special Migration Statistics, a preliminary comparison is made between the levels of in-migration to FHSA areas recorded in the NHSCR and in the 1991 Census."

"This paper tests hypotheses concerning the differentiation of early and late old age in the United Kingdom with reference to housing preferences and requirements and their translation into migration. Evidence is drawn from the 1991...census and from a representative sample of elderly people in SE England. The sources demonstrate the continued elaboration of long-distance, metropolitan-decentralizing migrations around the age of retirement. Also shown are relatively high rates of residential mobility among people in their seventies and eighties. Most of their migrations are short distance, but nonetheless with a net redistributional effect that sustains urban decentralization at the oldest ages. There is no evidence of significant return migration to London at advanced ages. From the survey responses, distinctive housing dissatisfactions are identified in early and late retirement, but neither set exactly matches expressed motivations for moves."

Economic theory associates the increase in population concentration, i.e., the proportion of national population residing in the core economic region, with scale and agglomeration economies. Wheaton and Shishido (1981) estimated that these persist until real per capita national income reaches 5000 1985 US dollars (USD). After this point in a country's economic development, they predicted, population redistribution towards the core region will cease and the proportion of national population residing in the core region will commence to decline. The experience of developed countries (DCs) in the 1970s and 1980s broadly conformed to this pattern, albeit with exceptions. Evidence from less developed countries (LDCs) through the 1980 round of censuses led Vining (1986) to propose a weakened version of the USD 5000 rule in which this point is characterized only by a slowing of rate of population re-distribution towards the core, not by an outright reversal. This paper updates previously reported trends in population redistribution in LDCs and reports on many new countries. Taken as a whole, post-war data reinforce the need for caution of the sort expressed by Vining. While there is a weak negative correlation between the rate of net migration into the core region and per capita income, the share of population residing in the core region may continue to rise even when per capita income has grown to well beyond USD 5000.

"Immigrants' attachments to home and their assimilation into the host society have been identified as major factors influencing international return migration. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of attachment and assimilation, with a special focus on the impact of duration of stay. Using survey data on guestworkers in West Germany in 1984 and 1989, the study finds that assimilation increases at a decreasing rate as the duration of stay is extended. The relationship between attachment and length of stay is less strong, but shows a general trend of decreasing attachment levels as guestworkers prolong their stay in Germany. The resulting trends for return migration are characterized by an overall decline in the propensity to return as the duration of stay is extended. However, the rate of decline varies by gender, marital status, and nationality. Overall, the results allude to the importance of distinguishing between short term and long term immigrants."

"This paper considers frontier migration to the Ecuador Amazon as a multistage phenomenon, examining the entire migration stream from its origins in highland and coastal locales of Ecuador, to intermediate stops outside and within the Amazon, to final Amazon destinations. The approach is one where models pertaining to regional development, migration, and pioneer activity are treated as complementary to one another and meshed with a qualitative knowledge of place. It is shown that frontier settlement patterns reflect the composite of these models, a maturing space-economy, and the interaction of local characteristics with exogenous circumstances representing national and international contexts."

"The relationship between migration and unemployment duration is examined. Standard job search predictors of spell length (replacement income, labor force experience, personal characteristics and economic conditions) are included as control variables alongside measures of migration in a Weibull hazard model. The model is estimated using data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Young adults who migrated while unemployed had longer durations of unemployment than those who did not migrate. The rate at which they found jobs was also linked to how long they had been unemployed, to being laid off, being African American, to going to college, having a mortgage and to national unemployment conditions."

"The purpose of this study is to determine the future aggregate pressure of demographic factors on housing demand. Both the number and age compositions of Spanish households from 1980 to the year 2010 are projected. To determine the actual net increase of the number of households, the analysis considers both the formation and destruction of households. The magnitude and profile of the projection shows that in the present decade the net yearly growth in the number of households will be slightly smaller than that of previous years. In the first decade of the next century, there will be a drastic reduction in the net growth of new households."

"This study investigates the impact of climate on [U.S.] metropolitan elderly migration rates. Factor analysis is used to identify six factors within a set of forty climatic variables. These six factors, along with eleven nonclimatic variables, are used to predict elderly in- and outmigration rates. Metropolitan areas with mild winters and low average incomes are attractive to elderly inmigrants, while those with high rents and clear, dry summers are likely to lose older residents through outmigration. These findings are consistent with the life course model of mobility, and with the distinction between conservative and innovating migrants."

The author examines the relative weight of pull and push factors affecting rural-urban migration in Turkey. Data are from the 1970, 1980, and 1985 censuses. "The results of this study indicate that, for the Turkish case, the effects of migration on urban growth had been contrary to those found in the developed countries, but that, as Turkish development increased over the time period 1965-85, the effects of migration increasingly came to resemble those of developed countries."

"This paper employs a household approach to elderly migration analyses and compares it with the traditional individual approach. The first part of the paper develops some concepts about household mobility and relates them to individual mobility. It then compares the two mobility measurements in a case study using the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 1990 [U.S.] Census. The results show that the mean household size for the elderly moving together tends to be smaller than that for elderly stayers. It also demonstrates the utility of the household approach on profiling elderly movers' living arrangement choices. The second part of the paper calibrates a set of discrete choice models based on the household and individual approaches."