Treatment of onychomycosis includes topical and systemic agents. However, prolonged use of oral treatment could cause adverse effects and topical antifungal agents have limited penetration. To compare the clinical efficacy and the safety of fractional CO laser combined with topical tioconazole nail solution versus Q-switched 1064 Nd: YAG laser in the treatment of fingernail onychomycosis. This randomized comparative clinical trial was conducted on 13 patients (47 nails) with fingernail onychomycosis. Patients were randomized to receive either fractional CO2 laser combined with topical tioconazole or Q-Switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser every 2 weeks for 3 months followed by a 1-month follow up assessment. Onychomycosis severity index (OSI) score, Dermatology life Quality Index (DLQI) score, patient satisfaction score, dermoscopic evaluation and KOH examination were used for assessment of improvement. OSI showed improvement after treatment in both arms (from 16.17 to 10.92 in fractional CO2 arm (p = 0.026) and 23.13 to 22.43 (p = 0.92)). When comparing both groups OSI score significantly reduced in the fractional CO2 laser combined with tioconazole more than the Q-switched laser group (p = 0.002). The mean DLQI score significantly improved in both groups but no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Significant improvement in patient satisfaction score was noted in both groups. Mycological cure using KOH examination was detected in both groups (44.4% in the CO2 group and 56.5% in the Q-switched group) with no significant difference (P value < 0.05). Ruin pattern keratosis found to be the most dermoscopic pattern to be associated with poor OSI score improvement. Fractional CO2 laser combined with topical tioconazole is more efficient in treatment of onychomycosis than Q-Switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser group as regards clinical improvement but both have comparable effect on mycological cure. Their use as adjuvant treatment rather than alone is recommended to ensure mycological cure in onychomycosis.

In this research, women were diagnosed as pregnant based on blood serum samples Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational technique that provides information on the chemical composition of samples. The Raman techniques have significantly impacted the study of various degenerative diseases, particularly cancer detection, using less invasive methods such as the analysis of blood serum samples. Additionally, these techniques have been used to study the health status of patients, which is often difficult to monitor using conventional techniques. This study obtained serum samples from 12 women diagnosed as pregnant and 11 non-pregnant volunteers (controls). Spectra were collected using a LabRAM HR800 Raman Spectrometer (Horiba Jobin-Yvon) with an 830 nm wavelength laser. For each serum sample, 10 Raman spectra were obtained by focusing the laser, using a microscope objective, on different points of the sample with an exposure time of 40 seconds and an irradiation power of 17 mW. The raw spectra were processed using baseline correction and smoothing to remove noise, fluorescence, and shot noise. Subsequently, the spectra were normalized and analyzed using the multivariate statistical method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In these spectra, the characteristic bands of main blood serum biomolecules such as phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), glutathione, amide III, phospholipid, carotene, and tryptophan (Trp) can be observed. Nevertheless, when analyzing the average spectra of pregnant and non-pregnant women, the main spectral differences were associated with variations in molecules like glutathione, tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine, and phenylalanine, which occur during the first trimesters of pregnancy. This aligns with findings previously reported by other studies. Furthermore, the serum samples from pregnant and non-pregnant patients can be effectively discriminated using PCA applied to the Raman spectra, revealing two distinct clusters in the PCA plot corresponding to each group's status. The results demonstrate that pregnancy can be determined based on blood serum samples Raman spectroscopy with sensitivity and specificity. Although there are very effective devices on the market to determine pregnancy based on the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) hormone detection in urine samples, these preliminary results indicate an alternative method known as Raman spectroscopy. On the other hand, the results could also suggest the possibility of carrying out other gynecological or fetal-related studies in women using these Raman techniques.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser systems and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of flexible hybrid ceramics (FHCs). Eighty FHC samples were divided into 5 groups to be subjected to surface treatments (hydrofluoric acid (HFA), HFA + 5 W Er: YAG laser (HFA + 5WE), HFA + 3 W Er: YAG laser (HFA + 3WE), HFA + ultrafast fiber laser (HFA + FL), and CAP). The Er: YAG laser (AT Fidelis Plus III, Fotona, Slovenia) was operated with a 0.9 mm diameter tip, delivering 250 mJ and 150 mJ per pulse, with output powers of 5 W and 3 W, and fluences of 23,623 J/cm² and 14,157 J/cm², respectively, at a frequency of 20 Hz and a pulse duration of 600 µs for 30 s. The FL (FiberLAST Inc., Turkey) was applied with a 7 mm spot size, 1 mJ pulse energy, 20 W output power, 100 kHz repetition rate, ultrashort pulse length (100 ns), and the fluence of 1,820 J/cm² for 7 s. The CAP (PiezoBrush PZ3, Relyon Plasma, Germany) applied to the surfaces for 80 s at a treatment speed of 5 cm/s and 100% plasma power. After the Ra values were measured, each group was divided into 2 subgroups to be cemented with total-etch (TE) and self-adhesive (SA) resin cements. The SBS of all the samples was measured. One sample was randomly selected from each group, and the fractured surfaces were examined by SEM analysis. The significance level was at P < 0.05. HFA + FL had the highest Ra values, and there was no significant difference between HFA + FL and HFA + 5WE (P > 0.05). There was no difference in Ra between CAP and HFA (P > 0.05). The highest SBS values were observed for the samples cemented with TE after HFA + FL. The difference between the SBS values of the groups cemented with TE after CAP, HFA + 5WE, HFA + 3WE, and HFA + FL was not significant (P < 0.05). The use of FL may be a promising method to improve SBS without causing thermal damage when using TE or SA cements. CAP can be recommended as a practical and safe treatment with SA cement because it is suitable for chairside use with a handheld device and does not change the physical properties of the material.

Cellulite is a skin condition that significantly affects women, characterized by "holes" or depressions in the skin, affecting approximately 95% of women at some point in their lives. Cellulite often presents inflammatory symptoms such as increased skin temperature and hyperalgesia. Photobiomodulation, whether applied locally or systemically, has demonstrated important anti-inflammatory effects in various conditions. This study investigates the effects of local and systemic photobiomodulation on hip culottes temperature increases and hyperalgesia in patients with grades 2 to 4 cellulite. Cellulite assessment was carried out using detailed anamnesis, photographic records, algometry, and infrared thermography. Participants received randomized bilateral treatment with or without systemic irradiation using LED photobiomodulation on the hip culottes for four weeks, three times a week. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation, especially locally applied, together or not with systemic irradiation, on cellulite hyperalgesia and skin temperature among 25 female participants. The group that received only LED treatment showed an increase in pain threshold of 8% and 20% on the right and left sides, respectively, while the group treated with LED + ILIB showed an increase in pain threshold of 32% on both sides. Local photobiomodulation produced a skin temperature decrease of 0.4 °C, while the combination of local and systemic irradiation produced an average skin temperature decrease of 1.2 °C. Our results clearly demonstrate a significantly beneficial effect of LED therapy for cellulite treatment, especially when administered in combination with mILIB, leading to a significant reduction of pain hypersensitivity and skin temperature, indicating a regional subcutaneous improvement of the inflammatory status.

Traditional tooth preparation can cause patient discomfort, thermal damage to tissues, and occupational health risks for clinicians. Laser-based techniques, particularly femtosecond lasers, offer an alternative due to precise, non-invasive treatment without the thermal and mechanical drawbacks. The objective of this study was to assess available evidence on the effects of femtosecond laser treatment on enamel and dentin. The study design included in vitro or in vivo studies on human teeth reporting on qualitative and quantitative parameters of laser-dental tissue interaction. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement. The review was registered in the Open Science Framework registry. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE/Ovid, Cochrane Library, DARE, LILACS and Pro Quest databases was conducted by three reviewers until 10th January 2024 and then updated on 18th August 2024. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed articles published in English, focusing on human teeth, with available full text excluding reviews, conference proceedings and gray literature. The outcomes of interest were the quality of tooth preparation, surface characteristics, bond strength, thermal effects and damage to adjacent tissues with variables being laser parameters and tooth types. Methodological quality of studies was not conducted. The search yielded 48 articles after the removal of duplicates, irrelevant and non-retrievable articles. All were original in vitro studies investigating reporting on the outcomes of interest. Measurement methods included a range of microscopy, spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, universal force testing and thermal imaging. Sapphire lasers were most commonly used with a wide range of parameters. Laser produced sharp-edged cavities with ablated surfaces free of melting (seen in approximately 10% of the craters), cracking, debris, with open dentinal tubules, increased wetting (Contact angle mean range 39.63 ̊(± 1.84 ̊) to 70.47 ̊(± 10.27 ̊) and roughness mean range 0.82 (± 0.05) to 4.20 (± 1.10)µm). Effects of femtosecond laser on bonding efficiency were inconsistent when compared to no treatment, conventional acid etching or Er:YAG laser. Femtosecond laser was shown to achieve precise tooth preparation with no or minimal thermal, mechanical and structural effects on adjacent tissue, however with variable bonding efficiency. Further research is needed to optimize laser parameters, investigate antibacterial effects, and establish long-term clinical outcomes and safety profiles.Date of registration: July 1st, 2024.Registration ID: OSF.IO/UQMNB.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of photobiomodulation and radiofrequency on the healing of pressure injuries in mice. A total of 70 animals were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups. A pressure injury was induced in the dorsal region of the mice by the application of two magnets. The photobiomodulation treatment was administered at a dosage of 3.6 J per session. In the radiofrequency group, the treatment time was four minutes and the power was 22 watts. The analyses included the lesion area, infrared thermography, and the collection of material for cytokine, histological, and histochemical analyses following euthanasia. In the macroscopic analyses, the 660 nm photobiomodulation group demonstrated superior outcomes in comparison to the control group. With regard to the microscopic analyses, the greatest difference between the groups was observed when TNF-α was evaluated in the photobiomodulation group. It can be observed that the groups irradiated by electrophysical means (i.e., a combination of radiofrequency with PBM 830 nm-660 nm) exhibited a positive influence on the repair process, with the greatest impact observed in the group irradiated by a combination of radiofrequency and 660 nm photobiomodulation.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the short-term efficacies of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and ESWT(focused) on pain, sensitivity, handgrip strength and functions, in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (LE). Fourty seven patients (age range, 18 to 65 years) with unilateral elbow pain were randomized into two groups. HILT group (n = 24) and ESWT group(n = 23). The HILT and ESWT were administered three times a week for three weeks, and each treatment was combined with exercises. All paticipant in both of two groups were evaluated with ultrasonography for common extansor tendon thickness. A visual analog scale (VAS), quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH), hand grip strength test were used to evaluate the patients before, one and six weeks after treatment. There were significant improvement in VAS, hand grip strength, QuickDASH scores and CET thickness before and after treatment in both group(p < 0,05). But there were no significant differences between the groups pre-treatment, at the 1st week, and 6th week after treatment (p > 0.05). Only hand grip strength was smilar to the pretreatment outcomes in HILT group. Both treatment methods were found to be effective and safe in the short-term treatment of LE. Consequently, these non-invasive, effective and safe techniques can be successfully used in the treatment of common pathology of the elbow.

This meta-analysis investigated therapeautic effects of laser therapies in patients with Bell's palsy (BP). The authors performed the literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases using the following search terms: (facial paralysis OR Bell's palsy OR facial palsy OR idiopathic facial paralysis) AND (laser OR low-level laser OR photobiomodulation OR phototherapy). Relevant studies published before October 29th 2024 were identified. Randomized trials comparing the outcomes of laser therapies with other interventions, including electrical stimulation and control or usual care in patients with BP were included. The mean difference (MD) was determined as the effect size for continuous outcomes, and outcome accuracy was determined using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twelve studies were included, with a total of 597 patients. Nine studies were further included in the quantitative analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that laser therapy significantly improved disease severity (House-Brackmann facial paralysis scale) (MD = -1.51, 95% CI = -2.43 to -0.59), facial asymmetry (Sunnybrook facial grading system) (MD = 20.63, 95% CI = 10.33 to 30.94), and facial function and disability (Facial disability index) (MD = 17.91, 95% CI = 5.60 to 30.22) when compared with control care in adult patients. Moreover, laser therapy significantly improved facial severity (MD = 21.05, 95% CI = 16.77 to 25.33) when compared with electrical stimulation. In addition, no adverse effects of laser therapy were reported. Laser therapy has favorable effects on disease severity, facial asymmetry, and facial function and disability for patients with BP.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in hypoxia (HYP) and normoxia (NOR) on time to exhaustion and the energetic contribution of treadmill running in amateur athletes. Eleven male participants, aged between 18 and 29 years, were submitted to an incremental test to determine the iV̇Omax, and subsequently on separated days, to the PBMT application (irradiation = 720 s; wavelength = 850 nm), followed by four efforts to exhaustion, in treadmill running, under different conditions [NOR + placebo (PLA); NOR + PBMT; HYP + PLA; HYP + PBMT], in random order, to access energy contribution and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit alternative (MAOD). Time to exhaustion and absolute aerobic contribution were lower in HYP than NOR, for both PLA and PBMT conditions (p < 0.05). In the percentage energy contribution of each metabolism during exhaustion effort, aerobic participation was lower, while MAOD was higher in HYP than NOR, only in the PLA situation; alactic anaerobic participation was higher in HYP than NOR in the PBMT application situation (p = 0.002). The PBMT does not promote additional benefits over time to exhaustion in NOR and HYP conditions, however PBMT during exhaustive efforts in HYP results in an increase in anaerobiosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and type I collagen (COL1) and the rate of tooth movement comparing 3 accelerated tooth movement (ATM) methods: Corticopuncture (CP), photobiomodulation (PBM) and the combined technique (CP + PBM) on days 1, 3, 7 and 14.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral lesion with no definitive treatment; current therapies primarily focus on symptom relief. This study aims to address the lack of high-quality clinical research by evaluating the effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) using GaAlAs 808 nm, AlGaInp 660 nm, and GaAs 635 nm lasers for managing aphthous lesions. The study focuses on the lasers' effectiveness in reducing pain, accelerating healing, enhancing patient satisfaction, and preventing recurrence compared to a control group. A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted with 64 RAS patients, divided into four groups: 808 nm laser, 660 nm laser, 635 nm laser, and a placebo. Pain severity, ulcer size, and erythema were evaluated at various time points before, immediately after, and several days post-treatment, while patient satisfaction and recurrence were assessed after one month. All laser groups significantly reduced pain intensity, ulcer size, and erythema, with the 808 nm laser showing the most pronounced effects. Mean pain scores in the laser groups decreased to zero by day 7, whereas the control group had a slower reduction (p < 0.001). Ulcer size was significantly smaller in the 808 nm group on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05). Erythema was significantly reduced by day 7 (p < 0.05). The 808 nm laser also resulted in the highest patient satisfaction, with no recurrences observed in any group. PBMT is an effective treatment for RAS, and the 808 nm laser was the most effective wavelength used.

After dental extractions, patients may experience post-operative pain, with varying degree of severity among patients. The use of Er, Cr: YSGG laser in oral wound healing has garnered considerable interest and attention in recent years. The present study aims to evaluate and assess the wound healing and post operative pain after extraction of teeth in pediatric patients with application of Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Children aged 7-14 years of age with alteast one grossly decayed permanent molar indicated for extraction were included in the study. 60 teeth were randomly divided in two group- one receiving conventional treatment with post extraction pressure pack gauze and one receiving Er, Cr: YSGG laser bandage treatment. A post operative assessment was done by WBFPRS and Wound healing index for post operative pain and wound healing respectively on 24 h, 3rd, 7th and 14th day follow up. Er, Cr: YSGG laser bandage group showed statistically significant difference in both post operative pain and wound healing on follow ups. The study shows that application of laser bandage can be done in post operative extraction sockets to alleviate wound healing, decreasing post operative pain and discomfort.

This review aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a safe and effective alternative for treating and preventing OM in children. The database search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar. Among 20 studies included, no adverse effect was reported, and only one study did not show any evidence of benefit from the use of PBMT. The analgesic effect of PBMT was emphasized and its action in accelerating the healing process and reducing the severity, duration and even incidence of OM was also noted. Evidence was found to encourage the use of PBMT to treat OM in pediatric patients. Higher quality studies must be developed in order to clarify the PBMT prophylactic effect and the best protocols for each clinical situation.The protocol of this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023418109).

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels causing sometimes impairment of the body's ability to repair itself. Promising treatments for tissue repair have included photobiomodulation therapy and heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy by LED, both as a standalone treatment and in conjunction with heterologous fibrin biopolymer in treatment of skin lesions of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Full-thickness skin wounds were induced on the backs of 56 Wistar rats, which were randomly allocated into four groups: control group, heterologous fibrin biopolymer group, photobiomodulation therapy by LED group, and photobiomodulation therapy by LED combined with heterologous fibrin biopolymer group. The treatments spanned two experimental periods, lasting 7 and 14 days. Notably, the HFB group exhibited results similar to those of the LED group concerning wound regression, while demonstrating superior resistance to healing. Interestingly, the LED + HFB group showed greater skin damage at 7 days, but an improved repair process at 14 days compared to the control group. The findings indicate that combining photobiomodulation by LED with HFB did not enhance wound healing in diabetic rats beyond the effects of each treatment alone. Both treatments were effective individually, with HFB showing particular strength in promoting collagen maturation and improving tissue biomechanical properties. This study contributes to the ongoing body of research on skin repair with this innovative HFB. Future clinical trials will be essential to validate this proposition.

Striae distensae (SD) are a prevalent dermatological concern of women and approximately 90% of pregnant women experience these stretch marks. Fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) and fractional CO2 laser (FCL) have gained substantial attention in the treatment of SD. In clinical studies, a clear superiority between FMR and FCL treatments is not found due to limited studies and sample sizes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search of English-language articles was performed on PubMed, employing various combinations of keywords "fractional CO2 laser," "microneedle radiofrequency," and "striae". Studies that compared the treatments of FMR and FCL for SD and provided data regarding professional evaluation of improvement, patient self-assessment, and/or the presence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were included. We analyzed the incorporated studies utilizing both random and fixed-effects models to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Professional assessments of improvement showed no statistically significant difference between the FMR and FCL groups (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.49-3.31). Similarly, patient self-assessments of improvement did not exhibit a significant difference (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.13-3.90). However, the development of PIH was significantly less frequent in the FMR group when compared to the FCL group (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.70). Both FMR and FCL demonstrate comparable performance in terms of improving lesions, as assessed by both healthcare professionals and patients. However, FCL is associated with a higher risk of developing PIH. This finding can guide clinicians especially who prefer a single treatment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of modified holmium laser enucleation of the prostrate (HoLEP) on the function of urine control.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bond strength between PEEK/PEKK and composite resins after various laser treatments and to compare the effectiveness of lasers on these polymers. 130 disc-shaped PEEK and PEKK blocks were obtained (10 mm diameter-4 mm height). One sample from each group (10 in total) was selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The samples were randomly divided into 5 different surface treatment groups for each material (PEEK and PEKK): Er: YAG laser, Nd: YAG laser, diode laser, femtosecond laser and control (no surface treatment) (n = 12). Baseline and post-treatment surface roughness measurements were performed using a profilometer. The composite resin was bonded and SBS was measured. Comparisons among the groups were conducted via Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA; Tukey and Dunn tests were used as a post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). All lasers significantly increased the roughness values of the PEEK and PEKK samples. In terms of shear bond strength; the Er: YAG and femtosecond laser groups had the highest values and the Nd: YAG, diode and control groups had the lowest values of the PEEK samples (p ≤ 0.05). The control group had the highest bond strength values and the femtosecond group had the lowest values for PEKK samples (p ≤ 0.05). All laser treatments increased the surface roughness of the PEEK and PEKK. Lasers increased the bond strength of PEEK to the veneering composite resin and decreased the bond strength values of PEKK. This shows that lasers behave differently in PEEK and PEKK materials.

Glaucoma ranks as the second most prevalent cause of global blindness. Presently, the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) stands as the sole efficacious method for addressing this condition. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) is designed to mitigate aqueous humor production by inducing coagulation or closure of the ciliary body. Since its inception in 1990s, ECP has emerged as a pivotal modality in the therapeutic armamentarium for glaucoma. This review primarily elucidates the instrumentation employed in ECP for the treatment of glaucoma, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy in glaucoma management, and a comparative analysis of ECP in relation to other modalities for anti-glaucoma treatment. Furthermore, it examines the contemporary clinical utilization of ECP in glaucoma therapy, as well as the prevalent postoperative complications and their preventive measures. We anticipate that the role of ECP in the treatment of glaucoma will persistently evolve alongside advancements in the field. Particularly noteworthy is its expanding applicability in glaucoma therapy and its increasingly vital role in personalized comprehensive treatment approaches.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to cancer treatment, demonstrating selectivity and significant cytotoxicity on malignant tissues. Such therapy involves two nontoxic components: photosensitizer (PS) and non-ionizing radiation. In optimal dosage combinations, PDT causes cellular and tissue effects by oxygen-dependent processes, leading tumor cells to regulated cell death pathways. Regulated necrosis, called necroptosis, can be triggered by PDT and is characterized by caspase-8 inhibition and RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL activities, leading to plasma membrane pores formation with subsequent cellular content release into the extracellular space. For this review, studies accessed by PubMed describing the relation between necroptosis and PDT were summarized. The results showed that PDT can trigger necroptosis mechanisms in different tumor cells. Moreover, a mix of different cell death types can co-occur. It is also important to highlight that necroptosis triggered by PDT is related to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release, involving immunogenic cell death and vaccination. The cell death response is directly related to the photosensitizer chemical characteristics, concentration, incubation time, cellular location, and irradiation parameters. The synergism among all cell death types is an excellent advantage for avowing tumor resistance mechanisms and developing new solutions.

Recently, a minimally invasive procedure based on a laser technique (SiLaT) has been developed for the treatment of pilonidal cysts. Although less invasive and less painful than surgery, this solution is nevertheless limited by its high cost. Other more affordable laser devices, such as the holmium laser, are also used in minimally invasive surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the holmium laser instead of the SiLaT laser in the treatment of pilonidal cysts. Retrospective cohort study with the primary endpoint being the cure rate one month after treatment. Median duration of local care was 21 days (mean = 22 ± 7.5) and healing rate at 1 month was 90.7%. During follow-up, 102 patients (44.9%) experienced pain in the coccygeal region often exacerbated by sitting and significantly more common in people with a small frame, overwhelmingly female. A surgical site infection was reported in 36 patients (15.9%). Recurrence, occurred in 39 patients (17.2%), was related to cyst type (type 1 do not recur, type 3 recur twice three time than type 2). Holmium laser does not differ from SiLaT laser in the healing rate of pilonidal cysts after treatment. However, it is characterised by a moderately higher incidence of complications, foremost of which is the occurrence of pain that can persist for up to a year after the procedure and which could be related to an increase in heat inherent to the use of holmium. As a result, this procedure does not seem to represent an alternative to SiLaT.