Preterm birth (PTB) is associated with significant neonatal mortality and morbidity. Universal measurement of cervical length has been proposed as a screening tool to direct intervention to prevent PTB.

Globally, breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly detected neoplasm in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an effective screening technique that enables women to learn about the composition of their breasts and assist in the early identification of any potential breast abnormalities.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a significant risk factor for cervical precancerous lesions and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vaginal microecology and HR-HPV infection and to evaluate the clinical applicability of vaginal microecology in predicting HR-HPV infection.

This study aimed to analyze uterine artery and spiral artery hemodynamics in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) with varying pregnancy outcomes.

Candidiasis, commonly known as yeast infection, affects people worldwide due to the overgrowth of species. Of several types, genital candidiasis, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), primarily caused by is frequently observed in females of reproductive age. Candidiasis has also become a serious issue in the post-pandemic era, as it occurs as a secondary infection in COVID-19 patients during or after the course of viral illness. Therefore, this study investigated the incidence of infections in women of reproductive age, and its relationship with the incidence of COVID-19 and vaccination in Saudi Arabia.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most popular contraceptive methods globally due to their convenience and cost-effectiveness. However, improper placement can lead to complications such as device migration and uterine perforation, with increased risk observed when IUDs are implanted within four to six weeks postpartum. Typically, patients are asymptomatic or experience mild lower abdominal discomfort or minor abnormal vaginal bleeding following IUD displacement. Advances in diagnostic techniques have resulted in an increased reporting of uterine perforations due to IUD migration. Although rare, secondary stone formation following IUD perforation has been noted. In 2023, cases of IUD perforation were reported in women with a history of multiple cesarean sections and in a young woman without detailed marital history.

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is higher among women with lower social and economic status. Moreover, empowerment-focused interventions might not protect them from domestic abuse. This study assessed Saudi women's empowerment and its usefulness as a stand-alone IPV predictor.

To describe the magnitude and trend of the iatrogenic genitourinary fistula in Uganda, and the risk factors for development following the Cesarean Section (CS).

Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy (REP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, in which fertilised eggs are implanted in the retroperitoneal cavity. Due to its atypical location and non-specific symptoms, REP is often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment. This condition poses serious risks owing to its proximity to the retroperitoneal blood vessels. Limited research and lack of specific guidelines make the management of REP challenging.

To evaluate the association between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the risk of endometriosis in American women.

The causal relationship of breast cancer (BC) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the underlying mediating pathways remains elusive. Our study endeavors to investigate the causal association between BC and CVD, with a focus on identifying potential metabolic mediators and elucidating their mediation effects in this causality.

Menstruation is a natural process that occurs monthly in women. Although menstruation is a fundamental aspect of women's lives, their readiness for and beliefs about menstruation vary. Moreover, their practices during menstruation can be influenced by various factors, including age, education level, mother's education, and field of specialty. This study aimed to explore menstruation-related readiness, beliefs, and practices among women who had experienced menstruation in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting these women's readiness, beliefs, and practices regarding menstruation.

This study aimed to measure the correlation between miR-183 and gene expression that regulates apoptosis and adhesion mechanism that may be linked to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

To evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of weight loss and metformin use in patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH), and to identify the factors influencing treatment efficacy.

The coexistence of a complete hydatidiform mole with twin live fetuses in a triplet pregnancy is an extremely rare condition with an unknown incidence.

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) carries significant risks of recurrence and persistence. This study compares the efficacy of a random survival forest (RSF) model with that of a conventional Cox regression model for predicting residual and recurrent high-grade CIN in premenopausal women after LEEP.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, particularly in developing countries, where it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Innovative technologies have emerged to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sensitivity of cervical cancer screening and treatment methods. This study aims to explore the various approaches for the detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical dysplasia (CD), and cervical cancer, highlighting new technologies and updated screening strategies in developing areas.

Few factors have been identified that increase the risk of visits (hospital emergency room or inpatient stays) due to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The purpose of this study is to understand trends in HG management and identify variables increasing visit frequency so that strategies may be developed to reduce hospital utilization.

The burden of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is expected to rise in Indonesia as there has been an increase in the availability of medication that prolongs the survival of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+). There is an urgent need for cervical cancer (CC) screening to address this concern.

Genitourinary syndrome of the menopause (GSM) is a chronic, often progressive condition, characterised by symptoms relating to oestrogen deficiency including; vaginal dryness, burning, itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, urinary urgency and recurrent urinary tract infections. GSM affects up to 70% of breast cancer survivors with a tendency to particularly severe symptoms, owing to the effects of iatrogenic menopause and endocrine therapy. Patients and clinicians can be reluctant to replace oestrogen vaginally due to fear of cancer recurrence. Vaginal laser is a novel therapy, which may become a valuable nonhormonal alternative in GSM treatment. There are currently 6 published studies regarding Erbium:YAG laser treatment for GSM, 41 studies regarding CO2 laser treatment for GSM and 28 studies regarding vaginal laser treatment for GSM in breast cancer survivors. Number of participants ranges from 12 to 645. The majority of studies describe a course of 3 treatments, but some report outcomes after 5. Significant improvements were reported in vaginal dryness, burning, dyspareunia, itch, Vaginal Health Index Scores (VHIS), Quality of Life, and FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index). Most studies reported outcomes at short-term follow-up from 30 days to 12 months post-treatment. Few studies report longer-term outcomes with conflicting results. Whilst some studies suggest improvements are sustained up to 24 months, others report a drop-off in symptom improvement at 12-18 months. Patient satisfaction ranged from 52% to 90% and deteriorated with increasing time post-procedure in one study. The findings in this review must be validated in robust randomised sham-controlled trials of adequate power. There remain a number of unanswered questions in terms of which laser medium to use, optimal device settings, ideal interval between treatments, pre-treatment vaginal preparation, as well as safety and efficacy of repeated treatments long term. These issues could be addressed most efficiently with a mandatory registry of vaginal laser procedures.