Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of strains carrying the gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes.

To analyze the relationship between Chemokine IP10 and its receptor CXCR3 during prion infection.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) between 2014 and 2021 and identify potential strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MMR in China.

We aimed to analyze the current indoor radon level and estimate the population risk of radon-induced lung cancer in urban areas of China.

Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in recent years in China. This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay (WTP) for antiretroviral drugs.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking second only to COVID-19 as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, with 1.3 million TB-related deaths reported in 2022. Treatment efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant strains, including rifampin-resistant TB (RR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Although first-line drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol form the cornerstone of TB therapy, the rise of resistant strains necessitates the use of second-line drugs, which often come with increased toxicity and limited accessibility. Recent advances have focused on repurposing existing compounds and developing new drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Promising agents such as second-generation bedaquiline analogs (TBAJ-587, TBAJ-876), sudapyridine (WX-081), delamanid, pretomanid, and TBI-166 (pyrifazimine) have shown efficacy against resistant Mtb strains. Innovative treatment regimens like the BPaLM protocol-combining bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin-offer shorter, all-oral therapies with higher cure rates. Personalized treatment durations and dose optimizations are becoming feasible through risk stratification algorithms and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. Immunotherapy is emerging as a complementary strategy to enhance the host's immune response against Mtb. Agents such as vitamin D, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statins, metformin, and biological agents like interleukins and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are under exploration. Additionally, cell therapies involving mesenchymal stem cells and immune effector cells present new therapeutic avenues. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in achieving the World Health Organization's "End TB Strategy" goals, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources and attention. Ongoing research and global collaboration are crucial to develop novel therapeutic strategies, optimize treatment regimens, and ultimately reduce the global burden of TB.

We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among people with latent TB infection (LTBI) in China.

Neurosyphilis (NS) is an infectious disease caused by invading the central nervous system. It can manifest at any stage of syphilis, and is often misdiagnosed due to its atypical and progressive symptoms. The increasing incidence of NS underscores the necessity for early and accurate diagnosis. Here, we present a case where routine cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used to diagnose a patient with neurosyphilis. The patient exhibited cognitive impairment and was initially diagnosed with cerebral infarction due to syphilitic cerebral arteritis. Thus, the patient was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and statins to stabilize the plaques. Neurosyphilis was treated with penicillin sodium injections, resulting in significant improvement in the patient's mental state. This case is a rare instance of neurosyphilis associated with cerebral infarction. These findings suggest that mNGS is a valuable tool in diagnosing neurosyphilis, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

To comprehensively examine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in Beijing.

The combined use of bedaquiline and delamanid (BDQ-DLM) is limited by an increased risk of prolonging the QTc interval. We retrospectively evaluated patients who received DLM/BDQ-containing regimens at a TB-specialized hospital. We aimed to present clinical efficacy and safety data for Chinese patients.

This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.