Histological transformation from lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) after targeted therapies is recognized as a mechanism of resistance in ADC treatments. Patients with transformed lung cancer typically experience a poor prognosis and short survival time. However, effective treatment options for these patients are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying histological transformation is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Hypotheses including intratumoral heterogeneity, cancer stem cells, and alteration of suppressor genes have been proposed to explain the mechanism of histological transformation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the known molecular features and signaling pathways of transformed tumors, and summarized potential therapies based on previous findings.

Androgenetic alopecia is one of the common types of hair loss and has become a medical and social problem due to its increasingly young onset. Existing therapies, although effective, have serious side effects and therefore better treatments need to be sought. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and to investigate the mechanism of exosome regulation of hair growth.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with a range of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. However, the relationship between GERD and blood pressure components, lipid profile, and cardiovascular diseases remains unclear.

We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of different dosing regimens (weekly and every three weeks) of inetetamab in combination with vinorelbine in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ patients with metastatic breast cancer who had received one or more chemotherapy regimens.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are closely related to metabolic dysregulation. However, the metabolic characteristics of AF patients with concomitant CHD remain unclear. The aims of this study were to elucidate the metabolic profiles of patients with AF and CHD to seek new therapeutic targets and related factors of AF combined with CHD.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2024-0004.].

Autologous skin graft (ASG) transplantation is a challenging approach but a promising option for patients to prevent postoperative esophageal stricture. Nonetheless, the current strategies require improvement. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) before skin graft transplantation for extensive esophageal defects after endoscopic resection.

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (ARPC1B) is an essential subunit of the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. While there have been numerous research reports on Arp2/3 in relation to tumors, there needs to be more research on ARPC1B and its role in tumors, particularly at the pan-cancer level.

Diabetes is a significant independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with dyslipidemia playing a critical role in the initiation and progression of ASCVD in diabetic patients. In China, the current prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetes is high, but the control rate remains low. Therefore, to enhance lipid management in patients with diabetes, the Endocrinology and Metabolism Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, in collaboration with the Experts' Committee of the National Society of Cardiometabolic Medicine, has convened experts to develop a consensus on the management of dyslipidemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The development of this consensus is informed by existing practices in lipid management among Chinese diabetic patients, incorporating contemporary evidence-based findings and guidelines from national and international sources. The consensus encompasses lipid profile characteristics, the current epidemiological status of dyslipidemia, ASCVD risk stratification, and lipid management procedures in diabetic patients. For the first time, both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been recommended as primary targets for lipid intervention in diabetic patients. The consensus also includes a summary and recommendations for lipid management strategies in special diabetic populations, including children and adolescents, individuals aged 75 years and older, patients with chronic kidney disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and those who are pregnant. This comprehensive consensus aims to improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients by contributing to the dissemination of key clinical advancements and guiding clinical practice.

Symptom-based subtyping for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has limited value in identifying underlying mechanisms and guiding therapeutic strategies. Small intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the development of FGIDs. We tested if machine learning (ML) algorithms utilizing both gastrointestinal (GI) symptom characteristics and lactulose breath tests could provide distinct clusters.

Hepatitis viral infection can cause severe complications, even mortality in pregnant women and their offspring. Multiple studies have shown that vertical transmission can cause viral hepatitis infections in newborns, especially in hepatitis B, C, and E. Screening for hepatitis viral infection in pregnant women is essential. Once infected, pregnant women should be given timely antiviral treatments, which could effectively alleviate the disease progression and reduce adverse outcomes. Besides, the mechanism of viral hepatitis mediating adverse pregnancy outcomes has been a hot topic. Hepatitis B virus has been found to mediate both mother- to-child and parent-child transmission. Liver injury in hepatitis C virus infection is associated with immune-mediated mechanisms, which can be regulated by hormonal factors as well. The mediating mechanism of adverse maternal and infant outcomes caused by hepatitis E virus infection is mainly related to viral replication in the placenta and changes in cytokine and estrogen. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms related to hepatitis A virus and hepatitis D virus remain unclear, and more research is needed. This review shows that the existence of viral hepatitis during pregnancy can pose certain risks for pregnant women and infants, and different interventions have been used to treat pregnant women infected with viral hepatitis. It may provide deep insight into adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by viral hepatitis and give guidance on treatment.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is distinguished by dysregulated immune system activity, resulting in a spectrum of clinical manifestations, with lupus nephritis being particularly prominent. This study endeavors to discern novel targets as potential therapeutic markers for this condition.

Renal inflammation plays key roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Immune cell infiltration is the main pathological feature in the progression of DKD. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) were reported to have antiinflammatory effects on DKD. While the heterogeneity and molecular basis of the pathogenesis and treatment with SGLT2i in DKD remains poorly understood.

Cumulative evidence confirms that mild renal dysfunction (MRD) is correlated with many cardiovascular risk factors and increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to establish an effective nomogram for predicting the risk of MRD in the rural population of Northeast China.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. An epigenetic-based synthetic lethal strategy provides a novel opportunity for PDAC treatment. Finding more DNA damage repair (DDR)-related or cell fate-related molecules with aberrant epigenetic changes is becoming very important. Family with sequence similarity 110C () is a cell fate-related gene and its function in cancer remains unclear.

Comprehensive data analyses in heart failure research can provide academics with information and help policymakers formulate relevant policies. We collected data from reports published between 1945 and 2021 to identify research topics, trends, and cross-domains in the heart failure disease literature.

Overcoming ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) has attracted the attention of scientists because one of the critical factors resulting in MDR in cancer is the overexpression of ABCG2. RN486, a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor, was discovered to potentially reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR. However, there is still uncertainty about whether RN486 has a reversal off-target impact on ABCG2-mediated MDR.

Immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it carries a risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can be life-threatening. This study employs bibliometric analysis to understand global scientific research on irAEs in cancer, focusing on characteristics and areas of interest. Additionally, a meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of irAEs in HCC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies.