We aimed to track longitudinal changes of glycemic status in subjects with pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) in relation to their baseline levels of systemic nitric oxide (NO) production [i.e., measured as serum NO metabolites (NOx), crude and body weight (BW)-adjusted NOx to creatinine ratio (NOx-to-Cr)] over 9 years.

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are crucial for intercellular communication in various contexts. Despite their small size, they carry diverse cargo, including RNA, proteins, and lipids. Internalization by recipient cells raises concerns about potential disruptions to cellular functions. Notably, the ability of exosomes to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has significant implications.

FeO NPs can enter cells quickly, pass through the blood-brain barrier and interact with macromolecules. These materials are widely used in different fields, so their risk assessment is among the most critical issues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a cholinergic enzyme in central and peripheral nervous systems.

Wound healing is a major therapeutic concern in regenerative medicine. The current study aimed to investigate the second-degree burn wound treatment in rats using rat adipose- derived stem cells (ADSCs) and manganese nanoparticles (MnO-NPs) in a polycaprolactone/gelatin electrospun nanofiber scaffold.

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a significant role in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Rapamycin is a potential therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies due to its ability to suppress mTOR activity. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in T-ALL pathophysiology and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of rapamycin and miRNAs in inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in T-ALL cells.

In this perspective review, we evaluated the clinical management of fatal fentanyl overdose in several routes of administration, concentrating on both legally prescribed and illegally produced formulations.

The discovery of gene editing techniques has opened a new era within the field of biology and enabled scientists to manipulate nucleic acid molecules. CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering has revolutionized this achievement by successful targeting the DNA molecule and editing its sequence. Since genomic changes are the basis of the birth and growth of many tumors, CRISPR-Cas9 method has been successfully applied to identify and manipulate the genes which are involved in initiating and driving some neoplastic processes.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism and are the most potent natural toxins known. Immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is considered to be the most effective immediate response to BoNT exposure. Hybridoma technology remains the preferred method for producing MAbs with naturally paired immunoglobulin genes and with preserved innate functions of immune cells. The affinity-matured human antibody repertoire may be ideal as a source for antibody therapeutics against BoNTs. In an effort to develop novel BoNT type A (BoNT/A) immunotherapeutics, sorted by flow cytometry plasmablasts and activated memory B cells from a donor repeatedly injected with BoNT/A for aesthetic botulinum therapy could be used due to obtain hybridomas producing native antibodies.

COVID-19 is an RNA virus belonging to the SARS family of viruses and includes a wide range of symptoms along with effects on other body organs in addition to the respiratory system. The high speed of transmission, severe complications, and high death rate caused scientists to focus on this disease. Today, many different investigation types are performed on COVID-19 from various points of view in the literature. This review summarizes most of them to provide a useful guideline for researchers in this field. After a general introduction, this review is divided into three parts. In the first one, various transmission ways COVID-19 are classified and explained in detail. The second part reviews the used biological samples for the detection of virus and the final section describes the various methods reported for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in various biological matrices.

Natural biopolymers are used for various purposes in healthcare, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Bacterial cellulose and chitosan were preferred in this study due to their non-cytotoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-inflammatory properties. The study reports the development of a magnetic bacterial cellulose-chitosan (BC-CS-FeO) nanocomposite that can be used as a biocompatible scaffold for tissue engineering. Iron oxide nanoparticles were included in the composite to provide superparamagnetic properties that are useful in a variety of applications, including osteogenic differentiation, magnetic imaging, drug delivery, and thermal induction for cancer treatment.

To explore the correlation between the tumour mutation burden (TMB) and prognosis and its clinical significance among patients with stage III gastric cancer (GC).

Follicular delivery is one of the targeted drug delivery methods aiming to target the hair follicles. The accumulation and retention time of targeted drugs is enhanced when nanoparticles are used as drug carriers. Particle size is one of the important factors affecting the penetration and accumulation of particles in the hair follicles, and there is a controversy in different studies for the best particle size for follicular delivery. Mouse models are mostly used in clinical trials for dermal, transdermal, and follicular delivery studies. Also, it is essential to investigate the reliability of the results between human studies and mouse models.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic benefits across a wide spectrum of health conditions. Despite its remarkable antioxidant properties, ALA is hindered by challenges such as low bioavailability, short half-life, and unpleasant odor. To overcome these limitations and enhance ALA's therapeutic efficacy, various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been explored. This comprehensive review evaluates the application of different nanoparticulate carriers, including lipid-based nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and micelles), nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles (nanocapsules, PEGylated nanoparticles, and polycaprolactone nanoparticles), films, nanofibers, and gold nanoparticles, for ALA delivery. Each nanoparticulate system offers unique advantages, such as improved stability, sustained release, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted delivery. For example, ALA-loaded SLNs demonstrated benefits for skin care products and skin rejuvenation. ALA encapsulated in niosomes showed potential for treating cerebral ischemia, a condition largely linked to stroke. ALA-loaded cationic nanoemulsions showed promise for ophthalmic applications, reducing vascular injuries, and corneal disorders. Coating liposomes with chitosan further enhanced stability and performance, promoting drug absorption through the skin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in nanoparticulate delivery systems for ALA, highlighting their potential to overcome the limitations of ALA administration and significantly enhance its therapeutic effectiveness. These innovative approaches hold promise for the development of improved ALA-based treatments across a broad spectrum of health conditions.

Flexor tendon injuries are common and require surgery. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a natural graft used to repair tissues, though infections represent the primary cause of its therapeutic failure. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were coated on the ADM in order to add antibacterial potential as well as enhance healing properties. Also, the produced ADM/ZnO-NPs graft was applied to accelerate fifth zone flexor tendon repair following the reconstructive surgery.

Glioblastoma (GBM), which is a heterogeneous and aggressive type of brain tumor, is known for its poor survival outcomes. The treatment of GBM remains challenging primarily due to the drug resistance to the current standard therapeutic option, temozolomide (TMZ). Researchers are currently focusing on developing an appropriate alternative combinatorial therapeutic to enhance treatment outcomes. D-limonene (DL) is a monoterpene derived from citrus fruit. This study aims to assess the impact of combining DL with TMZ and explore its potential mechanism of action in U87MG and LN229 GBM cells.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and one of the greatest challenges in extending life expectancy. The paradigm of one-size-fits-all medicine has already given way to the stratification of patients by disease subtypes, clinical characteristics, and biomarkers (stratified medicine). The introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical oncology has made it possible to tailor cancer patient therapy to their molecular profiles. NGS is expected to lead the transition to precision medicine (PM), where the right therapeutic approach is chosen for each patient based on their characteristics and mutations. Here, we highlight how the NGS technology facilitates cancer treatment. In this regard, first, precision medicine and NGS technology are reviewed, and then, the NGS revolution in precision medicine is described. In the sequel, the role of NGS in oncology and the existing limitations are discussed. The available databases and bioinformatics tools and online servers used in NGS data analysis are also reviewed. The review ends with concluding remarks.

The aromatase enzyme plays an important role in the progress of hormone-dependent breast cancer, especially in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. In case of postmenopausal women, the aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in adipose tissue is the most important source of estrogen. Generally 60%-75% of pre- and post-menopausal women suffer from estrogen-dependent breast cancer, and thus suppressing estrogen has been recognized to be a successful therapy. Hence, to limit the stimulation of estrogen, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used in the second-line treatment of breast cancer.

The microfluidic device is highly optimized to remove oocytes from the cumulus-corona cell mass surrounding them. Additionally, it effectively captures and immobilizes the oocytes, aiding in assessing their quality and facilitating the injection of sperm into the oocyte. In this study, a novel microfluidic chip was designed and manufactured using conventional soft lithography methods.

The current vaccine strategies to prevent cervical cancer are effective only for individuals unexposed to HPV, lacking therapeutic effects against pre-existing infections. Multiepitope vaccines, using an immunoinformatic approach, are promising against tumors and viral infections because of their high specificity, safety, and stability, as well as the cheap cost of development.

High metastasis, resistance to common treatments, and high mortality rate, has made triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to be the most invasive type of breast cancer. High telomerase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis. The catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), plays a role in telomere lengthening and extra-biological functions such as gene expression, mitochondria function, and apoptosis. In this study, it has been aimed to evaluate intrinsic-, extrinsic-apoptosis and DNMT3a and TET2 expression following the inhibition of telomerase and mitochondria respiration in TNBC cell lines.

Peptides from lactic acid bacteria provide health benefits and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms. The present work aimed to isolate and characterize peptides with antibacterial activity from 1407.