Oral microbiome homeostasis is important for children's health, and microbial community is affected by anesthetics. The application of anesthetics in children's oral therapy has become a relatively mature method. This study aims to investigate the effect of different anesthesia techniques on children's oral microbiota.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a potentially lethal disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, thus making the diagnosis hard to depict. In cases where acute circulatory failure occurs venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a valid management strategy, especially in the pediatric and adult patients. This study aims to report the results of VA ECMO for FM in our Institution.

() is associated with a variety of malignancies. However, the role of in osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to explore the role and the mechanism of in osteosarcoma.

Pectus excavatum is a common congenital chest wall abnormality characterized by a concave appearance of the chest, and minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is the surgical treatment of choice. A rapidly growing field of research is pain management in children undergoing MIRPE, with many shifts in practice occurring over the last decade. The primary objectives of this narrative review are to describe current methods of perioperative pain management and the development of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) to improve the experience of patients undergoing MIRPE.

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (ISS) is an age-dependent epileptic condition typically emerging within the first year of life, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has been established as a first-line therapeutic drug for the ISS since 1958. However, there is a notable variation in ACTH dosage practices worldwide, with intramuscular injection being common in some countries and intravenous drip preferred in others, including China. This study aimed to identify a preferable administration modality for ACTH-based utilization in treating ISS.

The production of inhibitors is a serious complication that can arise during coagulation factor replacement therapy for hemophilia A (HA). The primary therapeutic strategy to eliminate inhibitors is immune tolerance induction (ITI), which is known to be an extremely challenging, prolonged, and costly treatment. With the widespread use of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various treatment outcomes, there is potential for predicting ITI outcomes. This study aims to use RNA-seq to test differently expressed genes in different outcomes of ITI treatment for HA patients with high-titer inhibitor (HAI), to explore its prediction possibility.

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare disease in which the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists and replicates, causing chronic symptoms and fatal complications. The treatment of CAEBV is still evolving. Our case report showed a new therapy for CAEBV.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a significant complication that can arise following solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It encompasses a spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions, ranging from benign reactive hyperplasia to malignant tumors, and is among the most severe complications following liver transplantation in children. It is essential for clinicians to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevention, clinical manifestations, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies for PTLD in order to reduce mortality rates.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent infectious condition in children. This study aimed to assess the regulatory effects of Re-Du-Ning on the intestinal microflora of pediatric patients with HFMD.

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare disease. The variable clinical manifestations make the diagnosis of ALGS difficult. This study aimed to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of ALGS patients whose clinical identification is difficult and to enrich the spectrum of genetic variants implicated in Chinese children with ALGS.

Migraine is a neurological disorder that is chronic and presents with episodes of paroxysmal features consisting of multiphase attacks of head pain, along with other symptoms related to neurological dysfunction such as sensitivity to movement, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Antiseizure medications are frequently used for the treatment of migraine. Of the antiseizure medications, sodium valproate and topiramate have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent adult migraine. More recently, topiramate gained approval for pediatric migraine, whereas sodium valproate did not. Nevertheless, the off-label utilization of these drugs for pediatric migraine is widespread. The objective of this review is to assess the prophylactic efficacy of sodium valproate in the management of pediatric migraines.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) which is judged based on birth weight and gestational age, is associated with increased neonatal mobility and mortality and also has a further impact on physical and mental health during later in life. Using the birth weight percentile for singletons to assess twins might not accurately reflect the growth status of the twins; this could potentially lead to an incorrect evaluation of growth-restricted children. For a more precise assessment of twin newborns, it is beneficial to utilize twin-specific birth weight percentile curves and ponderal index (PI) curves that consider factors such as birth order and sex. The aim of this study is to establish a contemporary up-to-date method that provides sex-specific percentiles for birth weight and the PI of twin neonates, categorized by gestational age and differentiated by chorionicity within a defined cross-sectional study.

It has been reported that the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed the epidemiological characteristics of many pathogens, but the epidemiological characteristics of (MP) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not clear. The aim of this study was to answer this question.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly heterogeneous and common pediatric malignancy with a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death pathway, may play a crucial role in NB tumor progression and immune response. This study aimed to investigate ferroptosis in NB to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop predictive models for prognosis and recurrence.

Aggressive behavior in adolescent patients is a common phenomenon in clinical treatment and nursing care. The objective of this study was to conduct an assessment of the prevailing patterns and determinants of aggressive behavior among adolescents with mental disorders, with the intent to offer valuable insights for enhancing clinical intervention and nursing practices.

Some studies have suggested that complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, leiomyoma during pregnancy, oxytocin induction, and mode of delivery, may be risk factors for neonatal jaundice. Herein, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate a causal association between pregnancy disorders and neonatal jaundice.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal condition mainly affecting premature infants, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) has emerged as a molecule of interest due to its pivotal role in the inflammatory process called pyroptosis in NEC pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of GSDMD and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as early diagnostic biomarkers for NEC.

Early menarche is associated with both physical and psychosocial problems. Based on psychological and physical health considerations, for girls with early menarche, some parents and physicians may elect to use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to delay menstruation. This study aimed to explore the effects of GnRHa treatment on the final height of girls with early menarche and build the models to predict the final adult height (FAH).