We aimed to review the latest evidence regarding the value of tissue histopathological analysis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to facilitate tissue analysis by proposing a pragmatic checklist for clinical settings.

Biphasic anaphylaxis is a variant of anaphylaxis characterized by recurrence of symptoms after initial resolution of anaphylaxis. It was first described in the mid 1990s by Popa and Lerner. Our understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the condition has advanced considerably since then. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the literature surrounding biphasic anaphylaxis while highlighting key works and recent advances.

Allergic rhinitis and asthma morbidity has been linked to indoor allergen exposure. Common indoor allergens include dust mites, cats, dogs, rodents, and cockroaches. These allergens are ubiquitous and often difficult to remove from the home, making long-lasting reduction strategies difficult to achieve. Identifying strategies for reducing the presence of indoor allergens in homes could be utilized to decrease allergic disease burden, improve symptomology, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patients' quality of life.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogenous disease with a significant impact on patient quality of life and a substantial economic burden. CRS is associated with several systemic inflammatory conditions. We provide an updated review of CRS comorbidities as a springboard for future comorbidity mapping and potential therapeutics.

Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life that affects a majority of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The aim of this review is to explore the impact of various treatment regimens on olfactory dysfunction in patients diagnosed with CRSwNP.

To discuss if all patients who use self-injectable epinephrine outside the hospital setting require immediate emergency care.

While there are compelling arguments for developing subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy for alleviation of food allergies, there is a limited number of studies in the public domain. The review seeks to present the approaches taken, to explain the paucity of studies, and to identify new roads for development.

Clinical interest in non-IgE activation of mast cells has been growing since the description of the human MRGPRX2 receptor. Its participation in many allergic and inflammatory conditions such as non histaminergic itch, urticaria, asthma and drug hypersensitivity has been growing. We present here an updated review of its structure, expression and biology to help understand conditions and diseases attributed to its activation and/or overpexression and the search for agonists and antagonists of clinical utility.

There is an incomplete understanding regarding the extent of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its effect on outcomes. This study aimed to assess and compare limited sinus surgery, full-house, extended and radical ESS for optimizing CRS outcomes.

Exercise induced anaphylaxis (EIA) can be difficult to diagnose due to the interplay of co-factors on clinical presentation and the lack of standardized, confirmatory testing.

Respiratory allergies are non-communicable diseases caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to environmental aeroallergens. The culprits are aero-transported proteins eliciting respiratory symptoms in sensitized/allergic individuals. This review intends to provide a holistic overview on the categorization of aeroallergens into protein families (Part 1) and to exploit the impact of physicochemical properties on inhalant protein allergenicity (Part 2). This first part will focus particularly on aeroallergen organization into families and how this classification fits their physicochemical properties.

A holistic perspective on how physicochemical properties modulate the allergenicity of proteins has recently been performed for food allergens, launching the challenge of a similar analysis for aeroallergens. After a first review on aeroallergen classification into protein families (Part 1), this second part (Part 2) will exploit the impact of physicochemical properties (abundance/biological function, protein structure/presence of post-translational modifications, ligand/cofactor/lipid-binding) on inhalant protein allergenicity.

Cephalosporins are one of the most prescribed antibiotics worldwide and are implicated in a wide range of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). This review summarizes recent updates in cephalosporin hypersensitivity with a focus on diagnostic testing.

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a severe and potentially life-threatening chronic autoimmune disease. cSLE is more aggressive and has poorer outcomes than adult-onset disease. The global burden of cSLE is poorly understood, with most publications on cSLE originating from high-resourced settings. The reports from less resourced settings indicate high morbidity and mortality in these populations.

There is growing evidence that enolase is involved in allergy. This manuscript reviews the impact of enolase in allergic disease and describes several sources of this allergen including molds, plants, animals, and pollens, among others. IgE epitopes are carefully analyzed as they may account for cross-reactivity.

COVID -19 associated olfactory dysfunction is widespread, yet effective treatment strategies remain unclear. This article aims to provide a comprehensive systematic review of therapeutic approaches and offers evidence-based recommendations for their clinical application.

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and cancer invasion. Increasing studies suggest BMP2 is involved in several respiratory diseases. This study aimed to review the role and mechanisms of BMP2 in respiratory diseases.

In the last decade, an increasing trend towards a supposedly healthier vegan diet could be observed. However, recently, more cases of allergic reactions to plants and plant-based products such as meat-substitution products, which are often prepared with legumes, were reported. Here, we provide the current knowledge on legume allergen sources and the respective single allergens. We answer the question of which legumes beside the well-known food allergen sources peanut and soybean should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

Allergenic extracts are often standardized to control for potency, either by measuring concentrations of major allergens or "overall allergenicity" by competition for IgE in pooled sera from highly allergic subjects with a reference extract. Recent developments present an opportunity to use human mAb cloned from highly allergic subjects to define potency of allergenic extracts.

To analyze the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in the treatment of pediatric AD.

Chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) is a group of long-persisting and challenging to manage diseases, characterized by recurrent wheals and angioedema induced by definite triggers. In this review, we address recent findings on CIndU pathogenesis, diagnosis as well as its treatment, and we discuss novel potential targets that may lead to the development of more effective therapies for CIndU patients.