The cutaneous lymphatic system regulates tissue inflammation, fluid balance and immunological responses. Lymphangiogenesis or lymphatic dysfunction may lead to lymphedema, immune deficiency, chronic inflammation etc. Tissue regeneration and healing depend on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during wound healing. Tissue oedema and chronic inflammation can slow wound healing due to impaired lymphangiogenesis or lymphatic dysfunction. For example, impaired lymphangiogenesis or lymphatic dysfunction has been detected in nonhealing wounds such as diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers and bedsores. This review summarizes the structure and function of the cutaneous lymphatic vessel system and lymphangiogenesis in wounds. Furthermore, we review wound lymphangiogenesis processes and remodelling, especially the influence of the inflammatory phase. Finally, we outline how to control lymphangiogenesis to promote wound healing, assess the possibility of targeting lymphangiogenesis as a novel treatment strategy for chronic wounds and provide an analysis of the possible problems that need to be addressed.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and facilitating the restoration of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Glutamine (Gln) is a crucial energy substrate in the intestine, promoting the proliferation of ISCs and mitigating damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier after burn injury. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism by which Gln facilitates the proliferation of ISCs.

Vascularization is a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mechanical factors have been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and can affect the architecture of the generated vascular network. Through the regulation of mechanical factors in engineered tissues, various mechanical strategies can be used to optimize the preformed vascular network and promote its rapid integration with host vessels. Optimization of the mechanical properties of scaffolds, including controlling scaffold stiffness, increasing surface roughness and anisotropic structure, and designing interconnected, hierarchical pore structures, is beneficial for the formation of vascular networks and the ingrowth of host blood vessels. The incorporation of hollow channels into scaffolds promotes the formation of patterned vascular networks. Dynamic stretching and perfusion can facilitate the formation and maturation of preformed vascular networks . Several indirect mechanical strategies provide sustained mechanical stimulation to engineered tissues , which further promotes the vascularization of implants within the body. Additionally, stiffness gradients, anisotropic substrates and hollow channels in scaffolds, as well as external cyclic stretch, boundary constraints and dynamic flow culture, can effectively regulate the alignment of vascular networks, thereby promoting better integration of prevascularized engineered tissues with host blood vessels. This review summarizes the influence and contribution of both scaffold-based and external stimulus-based mechanical strategies for vascularization in tissue engineering and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved.

There are various treatment modalities for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and there is extensive debate surrounding pharmaceutical interventions. There is no consensus regarding the relative efficacy and safety of multiple treatment modalities. This study aims to investigate this issue and offer potential clinical recommendations.

The healing process at a wound is made up of many types of cells, growth factors, the extracellular matrix, nerves and blood vessels all interacting with each other in complex and changing ways. Microbial colonization and proliferation are possible at the place of injury, which makes infection more likely. Because of this, any cut has a chance of getting an infection. Researchers have found that wound infections make patients more upset and cost the healthcare system a lot of money. Surgical site infections happen a lot to people who have recently had surgery. This study shows that such surgical infection is linked to a high rate of illness and death. This is shown by the fact that 25% of patients get serious sepsis and need to be transferred to an intensive care unit. In both animal models and people, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an active role in all stages of wound healing and have positive effects. Exosomes are one of the main things MSCs release. They have effects that are similar to those of the parent MSCs. Various effector proteins, messenger RNA and microRNAs can be transported by extracellular vesicles to control the activity of target cells. This has a big impact on the healing process. These results suggest that using MSC-exosomes as a new type of cell-free therapy could be a better and safer option than whole cell therapy. This review is mostly about how to use parts of MSC-exosomes to help wound infections heal.

Keloid scarring is caused by a fibroproliferative disorder due to abnormal activation of genes, the underlying mechanism of which is still unclear. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue development and disease processes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the essential role of TWIST1 in the pathogenesis of keloids.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) leads to severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure, contributing to poor prognosis in septic patients. Endotoxin dissemination triggers oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, initiating diffuse alveolar damage. The role of epigenetic histone modifications in organ injury is increasingly recognized. The present study aimed to investigate the use of a histone modification inhibitor to alleviate sepsis-induced ALI, revealing a new strategy for improving sepsis patient survival.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-like vesicles secreted by living cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and act as intermediaries of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that EVs from specific sources regulate tissue repair and regeneration by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells as signaling molecules. Nanotechnology breakthroughs have facilitated the development and exploration of engineered EVs for tissue repair. Enhancements through gene editing, surface modification, and content modification have further improved their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the potential of EVs in tissue repair and regeneration, their mechanisms of action, and their research progress in regenerative medicine. This review highlights their design logic through typical examples and explores the development prospects of EVs in tissue repair. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into the design of EVs for tissue repair and regeneration applications, thereby expanding their use in regenerative medicine.

We previously confirmed that mechanical stimulation is an important factor in the repair of tendon-bone insertion (TBI) injuries and that mechanoreceptors such as transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4; also known as transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) are key to transforming mechanical stimulation into intracellular biochemical signals. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of mechanical stimulation regulating TRPV4.

Skin wound healing is a complicated biological process that mainly occurs in response to injury, burns, or diabetic ulcers. It can also be triggered by other conditions such as dermatitis and melanoma-induced skin cancer. Delayed healing or non-healing after skin injury presents an important clinical issue; therefore, further explorations into the occurrence and development of wound healing at the cellular and molecular levels are necessary. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is used to sequence and analyze the genetic messages of a single cell. Furthermore, SCS can accurately detect cell expression and gene sequences. The use of SCS technology has resulted in the emergence of new concepts pertaining to wound healing, making it an important tool for studying the relevant mechanisms and developing treatment strategies. This article discusses the application value of SCS technology, the effects of the latest research on skin wound healing, and the value of SCS technology in clinical applications. Using SCS to determine potential biomarkers for wound repair will serve to accelerate wound healing, reduce scar formation, optimize drug delivery, and facilitate personalized treatments.

Titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty is the most serious complication of this procedure. Although some clinical experience has been gradually accumulated over the years in the diagnosis and treatment of titanium mesh exposure, the treatment is often not standardized and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory repair results due to insufficient understanding of its pathogenesis and concurrent infections. To normalize the diagnosis and treatment of titanium mesh exposed wounds after cranioplasty and improve the therapeutic effect and the quality of life of patients, the Wound Repair Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized an expert discussion based on the literature and current diagnosis and treatment status of titanium mesh exposed wounds after cranioplasty at home and abroad, and reached a consensus on the pathogenesis, preventive measures, and diagnosis and treatment strategies of titanium mesh exposed wounds after cranioplasty to provide reference for relevant clinicians.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely used therapeutic approach for eradicating bacterial biofilms in infected wound, but its effectiveness is limited by the hypoxic environment within the biofilm. This study aimed to investigate whether the efficiency of photodynamic removing biofilm is improving by providing oxygen (O), as well as the expression of cytokines involved in infected wound healing.

Bacterial infection, tissue hypoxia and inflammatory response can hinder infected wound repair. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional specific therapeutic photo-activated release nanosystem [HMPB@MB@AuNPs@PMB@HA (HMAPH)] by loading photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) into hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanostructures and modifying the surface with gold particles, polymyxin B (PMB) and hydrophilic hyaluronic acid.

Hypertrophic scars cause impaired skin appearance and function, seriously affecting physical and mental health. Due to medical ethics and clinical accessibility, the collection of human scar specimens is frequently restricted, and the establishment of scar experimental animal models for scientific research is urgently needed. The four most commonly used animal models of hypertrophic scars have the following drawbacks: the rabbit ear model takes a long time to construct; the immunodeficient mouse hypertrophic scar model necessitates careful feeding and experimental operations; female Duroc pigs are expensive to purchase and maintain, and their large size makes it difficult to produce a significant number of models; and mouse scar models that rely on tension require special skin stretch devices, which are often damaged and shed, resulting in unstable model establishment. Our group overcame the shortcomings of previous scar animal models and created a new mouse model of hypertrophic scarring induced by suture anchoring at the wound edge.

Diagnosing sternal wound infection (SWI) following median sternotomy remains laborious and troublesome, resulting in high mortality rates and great harm to patients. Early intervention and prevention are critical and challenging. This study aimed to develop a simple risk prediction model to identify high-risk populations of SWI and to guide examination programs and intervention strategies.

Wound haemostasis is an important part of clinical treatments, especially treatments for patients with avulsion injury, destructive injury and large-scale soft tissue injury. Therefore, developing fast and effective haemostatic materials is critical. This study aimed to design a novel and efficient silk fibroin-gelatine composite haemostatic sponge loaded with thrombin (SFG@TB) to assist in wound haemostasis.

(CG) is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of CG extract (CGE) on diabetic wound healing and the commensal wound microbiome.

Wound healing has always been a serious issue for doctors and primary health care systems. In addition, adipose stem cell-derived exosomes have been proven to play a positive and effective role in tissue repair and regeneration. A systematic review of these preclinical studies was performed to assess the efficacy of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) in treating wounds. This article aimed to study the effectiveness of ADSC-Exos for the treatment of animal skin wounds and includes a meta-analysis of exosomes from general wounds and diabetic ulcer wounds in models of animals to provide a theoretical basis for clinical translation.

Our previous research suggested that dexmedetomidine (Dex) promotes autophagy in cardiomyocytes, thus safeguarding them against apoptosis during sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms of Dex-regulated autophagy have remained elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of exosomes and how they participate in Dex-induced cardioprotection in sepsis. The underlying microRNA (miRNA) mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets for septic myocardial injury were identified.