ActiGraph accelerometers are used extensively to objectively assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Here, we present an objective validation of five generations of ActiGraph sensors to characterize potential differences in output arising from changes to hardware or firmware.

Exercise-induced heat acclimation can mitigate age-related reductions in heat-loss capacity, though performing repeated bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat may be untenable for many older adults. While short-term passive heat acclimation (e.g., ≤7 days of warm-water immersion) enhances whole-body heat loss in young adults, evidence of its efficacy in older adults is lacking. Thus, we examined whether 7-days warm-water immersion would improve whole-body heat loss in older adults.

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics programs with high versus low cognitive load on children's visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation.

We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.

This study aimed to investigate the pathological responses of glial cells at different distances from amyloid plaques and the characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in perivascular clustering. Additionally, it sought to explore the impact of exercise training on AD pathology, specifically focusing on the modulation of glial responses and the effects of OPC perivascular clustering.

Red blood cells (RBCs) senescence and blood rheology during ultra-endurance running events appear to be impacted differently depending on the race distance. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood.

To examine the physiological, power-duration, nutritional intake and training characteristics of the recent lightweight (- 75 kg) 50+, 60+ and 70 + yr world champion indoor rowers.

The effect of exercise on serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites remains inconclusive, with studies reporting deviating results. This study evaluated the acute effect of a single session of two specific exercise forms; strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), free25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and skeletal muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression, in healthy adults.

To test the hypothesis that ibuprofen ingestion exacerbates markers of acute kidney injury (AKI), gastrointestinal (GI) injury, and endotoxemia after running in the heat.

This study compared %BFUS to %BF4C in young adult athletes.

Sports participation in childhood is known to benefit physical health, but its impact on cognitive development, particularly comparing open-skill and closed-skill sports, is less understood.

To examine sex-based differences in substrate oxidation, postprandial metabolism, and performance in response to 24-hour manipulations in energy availability (EA), induced by manipulations to energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE).

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a supervised exercise program, including Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT), throughout pregnancy on Urinary Incontinence (UI).

Findings from previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies disagreed with the current scientific consensus regarding the role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in ischemic stroke (IS). We reassessed these associations with a focus on etiological subtypes of IS and the potential mediating roles of cardiometabolic traits and brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs).

Reactive and external visual-cognitive demands are prevalent in sport and likely contribute to ACL injury scenarios. However, these demands are absent in common return-to-sport assessments. This disconnect leaves a blind spot for determining when an athlete can return to sport with mitigated re-injury risk. PurposeTo characterize relationships between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and cognitive-task interference (i.e., cognitive demands exacerbating neuromuscular impairments) for biomechanical predictors of second ACL injuries during jump landings that involved rapid unanticipated decision making. MethodsThirty-six persons following primary ACLR (26F/10M, 19.8±1.8 years; 1.71±0.1 m; 69.6±12.8 kg, 1.5±0.6 years post ACLR; Tegner: 6.8±1.8) participated. PROMs of ACL-RSI, and the Forgotten Joint Score-12 Knee (FJS-12) were selected to assess altered psychological state (e.g., confidence, attention toward knee). Jumping tasks under anticipated and unanticipated secondary jump directions were performed. Biomechanical variables were dual-task changes (unanticipated - anticipated) in 1) uninvolved limb hip rotator impulse (DTC_Uni-HRot_Imp), 2) asymmetry of knee extensor moment at initial contact (DTC_KEM_Asym), and 3) range of involved knee abduction angle (DTC_KAbA_Range). Regression models tested for relationships between PROMs and the dual-task change in biomechanical variables. Results: ACL-RSI (DTC_Uni-HRot_Imp (p < 0.001)) and FJS-12 (DTC_KAbA_Range (p = 0.001)) had significant relationships with dual-task change in the opposite direction as expected (worse PROM ➔ less dual-task change). A follow-up analysis indicated that dual-task change was inversely correlated with the baseline estimates for kinetic biomechanical variables (less risky single-task biomechanics ➔ greater dual-task change for Uni-HRot_Imp and KEM_Asym).Conclusions: The collective results are consistent with higher functioning participants (better PROMs) who also demonstrate desirable biomechanics during single-task conditions being prone to demonstrating the greatest risk-associated DTC in unanticipated scenarios.

Sleeping at altitude is highly common in athletes as an integral part of altitude training camps or sport competitions. However, concerns have been raised due to expected negative effects on sleep quality, thereby potentially hampering exercise recovery and next-day exercise performance. We recently showed that ketone ester (KE) ingestion beneficially impacted sleep following strenuous, late evening exercise in normoxia, and alleviated hypoxemia. Therefore, we hypothesized that KE ingestion may be an effective strategy to attenuate hypox(em)ia-induced sleep dysregulations.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking (CS) induces systemic changes that impair cardiorespiratory and muscular function both at rest and during exercise. Although these abnormalities are reported in sedentary, middle-aged smokers (SM) with pulmonary disease, few and controversial studies focused on young, physically active SM at the early stage of smoking history. This study aimed at assessing the impact CS on cardiorespiratory and metabolic response during an incremental test and the subsequent recovery in young, physically active SM without known lung or cardiovascular disease.Methods: After pulmonary function evaluation, 12 SM (age: 22±2 yr; body mass: 75±8 kg; stature: 1.78±0.06 m; 12±4 cigarette/day for 6±2 years; mean±SD) and 12 non-smokers (CTRL; age: 23±1 yr; body mass: 76±8 kg; stature: 1.79±0.08 m) matched for age and exercise habits, underwent an exhaustive incremental step test (25 W/2 min) on a cycle ergometer. Pulmonary O2 uptake (V'O2), expiratory ventilation (V'E), heart rate (fH) responses and lactate concentration were assessed during the test and subsequent recovery.Results: Despite similar static lung volumes, SM reported lower peak expiratory flow (-23%; P = 0.003) and maximal voluntary ventilation (-10%; P = 0.003). At submaximal exercise, no differences in the cardiorespiratory and metabolic were noted between the two groups. However, SM exhibited ventilatory (P < 0.01) and lactate thresholds at lower work rates (P = 0.01). At peak exercise, SM exhibited lower V'O2 (-8%; P = 0.02), mechanical power (-11%; P = 0.02) and V'E (-9%; P = 0.01). During recovery, SM showed longer time constants (τ) in V'O2 (+52%; P = 0.002), V'E (+19%; P = 0.027) and fH (+21%; P = 0.022) and smaller fH at 30 s of recovery (HRR30; -31%; P = 0.032).Conclusions: These results are compatible with an early CS-related impairment of the cardiorespiratory and metabolic function even in young individuals with relatively short smoking history.

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is associated with altered tendon's morphological and mechanical properties, yet it is unclear whether these properties are reversed upon mechanical loading to promote tendon healing. This study aims to determine the extent to which pathological tendon's morphological and mechanical properties adapt throughout a 12-week eccentric rehabilitation protocol.

Perceived groove, a complex and integrated musical characteristic, is considered a core factor in inducing synchronization between movement and music. This study aimed to employ functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the effective connectivity (EC) changes among brain regions during cycling activities under different perceived groove conditions.

Introduction: Impaired physical fitness is a possible late effect among adult survivors of childhood cancer (ASCC). Our study describes lower body muscular strength and endurance among ASCC using the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1-min STS) test, compares them with the general population, identifies risk factors, and describes changes over time.Methods: In a prospective multicenter cohort study, we invited ASCC ≥18 years of age at study, diagnosed between ages 0-20 treated in five pediatric oncology centers across Switzerland from 1976-2017 who survived ≥5 years for a 1-min STS test. We collected information about lifestyle, medical history, and previous cancer treatment. Using population-based Swiss reference values, we calculated age- and sex-adjusted z-scores for 1-min STS performance and assessed the association between risk factors and 1-min STS test using multivariable linear regression. We fitted a multilevel linear model to describe the longitudinal course of 1-min STS performance.Results: We included 338 CCS of 1048 invited ASCC (participation rate 32%) with median age at study of 34 years (interquartile range 26-41). Compared with the general population, mean 1-min STS z-score was half a standard deviation lower (-0.52; 95% CI -0.64 to -0.40). Obesity (B = -0.56; 95% CI -0.97 to -0.16), cumulative cisplatin dose (B = -0.12; 95% CI -0.21 to -0.02), and cumulative cranial radiotherapy dose (B = -0.10; 95% CI -0.19 to -0.01) were associated with reduced 1-min STS performance. There was no change in 1-min STS z-scores over time (B = 0.02; 95% CI -0.05 to 0.09).Conclusions : We found evidence for reduced lower body strength and endurance among ASCC, suggesting the need for counseling and effective training and rehabilitation programs for maintaining daily functioning, improving cardiovascular health, and reducing morbidity for ASCC.

Purpose: Obesity may blunt exercise responsiveness to improve muscular adaptations. The effect of resistance training (RT) targeting different body regions on muscle and inflammatory markers is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of upper (upper body exercises), lower (lower body exercises), or combined (upper body + lower body exercises) RT on muscle and inflammatory markers, body composition, and performance in overweight and obese men.Methods: Sixty overweight and obese men (age = 31 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: upper-body RT (UB; n = 15), lower-body RT (LB; n = 15), combined RT (UB + LB; n = 15) or control (C; n = 15). The training protocol consisted of 3 exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks. Blood samples for measuring serum markers (follistatin, myostatin, C-reactive protein [CRP], adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and irisin) were obtained at baseline and 48 hours after the final training session. Fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 720).Results: SMM, FFM, UB and LB strength and power, follistatin, follistatin:myostatin ratio, adiponectin, and irisin significantly increased while FM, BFP, myostatin, CRP, and TNF-α significantly reduced from pre- to post-training in all training groups (p < 0.05). Changes in LB muscle power (r = 0.558), both UB (r = 0.518) and LB (r = 0.419) muscle strength, and follistatin (r = 0.545), had moderate positive relationships with ΔSMM, while changes in myostatin (r = -0.585) had a moderate negative relationship with ΔSMM. Also, changes in myostatin (r = 0.825) and CRP (r = 0.715) had a strong positive relationship with ΔFM, while TNF-α (r = 0.467) had a moderate positive relationship with ΔFM. Follistatin (r = -0.789) and adiponectin (r = -0.713) had a strong negative relationship with ΔFM, while irisin (r = -0.426) had a moderate negative relationship with ΔFM.Conclusions: Combined RT elicits the greatest increases in follistatin, follistatin:myostatin ratio, adiponectin, and decreases in myostatin and CRP compared with other training groups in overweight and obese men. However, systemic improvements may be achieved through performing UB or LB RT alone.