Understanding virtual pulmonary rehabilitation (VPR) in the U.S. would inform clinicians and patients, guide healthcare systems to ensure quality and safety, and inform payers on reimbursement issues.

Since the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), data suggests there have been changes in the management of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) of Cystic Fibrosis (CF).

There is a paucity of evidence around strategies to liberate patients from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) for acute respiratory failure.

Echocardiographic indicators of pulmonary hypertension have been reported to predict decreased survival in lung cancer.

Continuity of nursing care is highly valued in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its impact on patient outcomes remains unclear.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The extent of medication non-adherence in PAH is uncertain and may be linked to adverse outcomes. There has been a lack of multi-center, registry-based studies assessing medication non-adherence and patient-centered outcomes in PAH. To determine the incidence of self-reported non-adherence in Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (PHAR) participants with PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and the relationship of non-adherence with several patient-centered outcomes (mortality, hospitalization rates, emergency department [ED] visits, and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]). Self-reported PAH medication non-adherence was captured at PHAR enrollment and during follow-up visits. Predictors of non-adherence were modeled using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) assuming a binary distribution. Outcomes associated with non-adherence were modeled using GEEs with a Poisson distribution. A total of 1543 patients were included, of whom 1092 (70.8%) were female and 1340 (86.8%) had PAH. The overall rate of any self-reported non-adherence was 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) [5.3, 6.9]). Predictors of non-adherence included self-reported male sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.4; 95% CI [1.0, 1.9]; p = 0.02), poverty (OR 1.6; 95% CI [1.2, 2.3]; p = 0.01), not being partnered (OR 1.5; 95% CI [1.1, 1.9]; p = 0.01), having Medicaid or no health insurance (OR 2.1; 95% CI [1.5, 2.9]; p < 0.001), and having completed high school but not having a college degree (OR 1.7; 95% CI [1.1, 2.9]; p < 0.001). PHAR participants who reported any non-adherence had 50.0% more ED visits (p < 0.001), 13.3% more hospital admissions (p = 0.03), and 61.9% more days hospitalized (p = 0.01). No relationship was observed between non-adherence and type or number of PAH therapies or all-cause mortality. Participants reporting non-adherence had worse mean SF-12 scores (p < 0.001) and worse emPHasis-10 scores (p = 0.02). The rate of self-reported non-adherence in PHAR registrants was low but was associated with male sex and several social determinants of health. While complexity or type of PAH regimen did not appear to influence non-adherence, non-adherence was associated with numerous adverse patient-centered outcomes, including higher healthcare utilization and worse HRQoL. Due to limitations in the structure of the gathered data, relationships between exposure and outcomes were not temporally definitive; these observations warrant additional prospective studies.

Pneumonia triggers an inflammatory response that can persist beyond resolution of infection. This may increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in people with known coronary artery disease (CAD).

Medications including inhaled bronchodilators are essential for effective management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and improve clinical outcomes. However, medications are a major driver of out-of-pocket costs for individuals with COPD. The impact of cost of medications on clinical outcomes in COPD has not been studied.

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of lung cancer screening (LCS) using computed tomography (CT) documented lung cancer mortality reductions between 7.2%-29.2% compared to chest radiograph (CXR). Women appear to have a greater reduction than men.

Increased respiratory effort (RE) is a critical feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While prior studies have established the efficacy of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in reducing the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the impact of MAD therapy on RE burden remains unexplored.

The epidemiology of hypoxemia in Sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown.