Twin pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques is increasing, as are the associated complications.

In developed countries, most of the neurologists use pericranial nerve blocks to treat headache patients, nevertheless, the knowledge and use patterns of this technique in developing countries are unknown.

LDL-cholesterol greater than 190 mg/dL indicates severe hypercholesterolemia (HS) of monogenic and/or polygenic origin. Genetic risk scores (GRS) evaluate potential polygenic causes.

The usefulness of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as potential biomarkers in cancer remains controversial.

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in Mexico as well as the rest of the world, with dyslipidemia being one of the main risk factors. Despite the importance of its epidemiological impact, there is still -among primary care physicians- a lack of knowledge ranging from the basic concepts for diagnosis to the most recent recommendations for treatment. This document consisting of 10 questions is done by experts in this field. A total of 22 recommendations arise using Delphi methodology. The recommendations include the measurement of the lipid profile starting at 20 years of age, the treatment goals for patients according to their risk, the follow-up of patients with dyslipidemia, and the management approach in primary and secondary prevention.

In 1869, Friedrich Miescher, born in Basel, Switzerland, discovered a previously unknown phosphorus-rich substance in the nuclei of pus cells. Conducting his research in a laboratory set up in the kitchen of Tübingen's medieval castle in Germany, and under the guidance by Professor Felix Hoppe-Seyler, Miescher primarily focused on the composition of cell nuclei. He obtained nuclear material by washing pus cells from surgical bandages provided by a nearby hospital. In 1869, Miescher described a completely new nuclear molecule that, unlike proteins, contained large amounts of phosphorus. He named this substance 'nuclein,' marking the first description of DNA. Miescher passed away long before Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin announced the precise role DNA played in cells in 1953. Through his discovery, Miescher laid the groundwork for all subsequent DNA research.

FRAX, a risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used for fracture risk assessment since its launch in 2008. It is now incorporated into very many guidelines worldwide to inform osteoporosis management. In this review, we explore the development of FRAX and how it enhances fracture risk prediction as compared to use of bone mineral density alone, as well as approaches to utilizing FRAX in determining intervention and assessment thresholds. We also discuss the limitations of FRAX and the arithmetic adjustments that have been proposed to address these. The introduction of FRAXplus includes these adjustments on a web-based platform for ease of application to enhance treatment decisions in osteoporosis.

In Colombia, gastric cancer is fifth in incidence (12.8 cases per 100,000) and third in mortality (9.9 cases per 100,000). Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenotype in gastric cancer treatment, lacks comprehensive exploration in Colombian and Hispanic/Latino populations. Data scarcity hinders immunotherapy approval in middle-income countries.

The underreporting of vital statistics poses a problem for the quality of information. To address underreporting, Mexico implemented the "Intentional Search for Children Deaths" in 2002.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare, atypical parkinsonism, characterized by the presence of intracerebral tau protein aggregates and determined by a wide spectrum of clinical features. The definitive diagnosis is postmortem and is identified through the presence of neuronal death, gliosis, and aggregates of the tau protein presented in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (MNF) with a globose appearance in regions such as the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the globus pallidus The findings in ancillary imaging studies, as well as fluids biomarkers, are not sufficient to support diagnosis of PSP but are used to rule out similar pathologies because there are still no specific or validated biomarkers for this disease. The current treatment of PSP is focused on reducing symptoms, although emerging therapies seek to counteract its pathophysiological mechanisms. Cellular models constitute a good tool to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying them. Finally, PSP in Mexico has been little studied, and its diagnosis is often confused with Parkinson's disease, it has a great health and socio-economic impact on patients, their families, and caregivers, which is why it requires further investigation at both a basic and clinical level.

The transdermal patch is an effective contraceptive with advantages over other hormonal methods. However, the percentage of patch's users is 2.8 %.