. The involvement of patients in the assessment of nursing students during their practical training: a scoping review.

. Process nurse: the experience of the Emergency Department of Fano.

. The management of diabetic foot: the new guidelines of the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot. The publication of the new guidelines on the diabetic foot are an opportunity for a fine-tuning of the (few) new developments, but of the soundness of the evidence and knowledge known so far. Compared to the previous 2019 guidelines, the 2023 update included the analysis of randomised clinical trials only, a more accurate application of the GRADE method, a leaner and more current bibliography, and an update of the strength of some recommendations from low to conditional. The real big news in the 2023 update is the publication of a specific guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy in people with diabetes, neuropathy and in the absence of skin lesions.

. Are falls a nursing sensitive outcome? Falls have historically been regarded as nursing-sensitive outcomes, i.e., problems that nurses can intervene in, to prevent their occurrence. However, falls are not a uniform phenomenon, as they can vary significantly and occur despite good nursing care. Furthermore, their predictability and preventability in the care of patients should be carefully considered. Since patient care involves multiple professionals, it is important to reflect on whether and to what extent a fall can be considered a sensitive outcome of nursing care or care in general. This contribution proposes some reflections on falls as a sensitive outcome and indicator of quality of care.

. Care assistants at the international level: a narrative review.

A recent meta-analysis emphasised the importance (and effectiveness) of tooth brushing in preventing hospital-acquired pneumonia. The results of the study are briefly reported and commented on.

. US doctors and nurses in Gaza. The document proposed is a letter addressed to the US Presidency by a few dozen doctors and nurses, of various origins including ethnicity, of the most diverse skills. What they have in common, in addition to their official professionalism, also with important health and academic responsibilities in US health facilities, is their permanence-activity in the months after 7 October in the still ongoing nightmare of the genocide in Gaza. The document is important because it is one of the very few that makes visible and audible a collegial presence of representatives of the world of health care who have no other affiliation than that of nurses and doctors. It is very difficult to publish in journals looked upon as generators of medical knowledge anything about Gaza. The editors demand 'neutrality'. Even when the 'evidence' makes visible and infinitely confirmed what even the UN declares 'unthinkable'. These authors-actors-citizens then tell their policy-makers what happens: they simply ask them to watch, to listen, to judge whether it is tolerable to support, no matter with what excuses or reasons, that everything continues.

. Frequency and reasons for missed nursing care: a cross-sectional study in Veneto Region hospitals.

. The organisation of outpatient medical and nursing clinics for the follow-up of patients after hospitalization for a myocardial infarction or heart failure.

. Impact of 12-hour shifts on nurse, patient and organizational outcomes. A critical review.

We report in this issue a contribution by Benedetto Saraceno, published in Salute Internazionale (https://www.saluteinternazionale.info), commenting on the WHO 2022 report on mental health in the world. The comment highlights the progresses but also the presence, beyond declarations of principle, of large psychiatric institutions. There is still a long way to go to defend the rights of people with psychiatric problems.

. Proposal for informed consent for the 'differentiated autonomy' experiment. Differentiated regional autonomy means the power given to the 15 ordinary Regions - the 5 special Regions are excluded - to obtain regulatory and management competences in areas that are today regulated and administered by the State. Although differentiated autonomy is bad for the entire country - which risks losing its ability to implement economic, social, environmental, and cultural policies at a national level - there is no doubt that the Southern Regions will pay the heaviest price for its implementation, since they are already far behind and penalised compared to the North, with a worsening of all the health parameters, such as: reduction in life expectancy, increase in avoidable mortality, increase in mortality, increase in trips of hope to seek treatment in the North, and more. But the North will also have its problems, with poorer areas even within the richest regions and in the urban peripheries. And if the idea of solidarity, contained in the Constitution, is rejected, it is easy to move from competition to conflict, not only between North and South but also within the Regions.

. Indicators and outcomes associated with the quality of care: how to use them and interpret results. Outcomes related to care (or nursing sensitive outcomes) such as pressure ulcers, failure to rescue, accidental falls are specific patient outcomes influenced by nursing care. They are used to monitor the quality of care and patient safety in hospitals across the country. However, their association with nursing care is not always clear, and the attention should be focused on avoidable events. From the following issue a reflection on the main indicators will be proposed with some hints on how to collect data and interpret the results.

. The overlap Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to meropenem administration. Clinical case and nursing care. A case of overlap Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by meropenem administration is described. It is a rare cutaneous reaction due to delayed hypersensitivity to drugs characterised by the destruction and separation of the skin epithelium and mucous membranes, affecting between 10% and 29% of the body surface area. The clinical description of the case and a detailed description of nursing management and interventions based on the available literature are reported.

. The telephone follow-up by a nurse case manager in major surgery. A prospective observational study.

. Should fluids thickeners still be used for patients with swallowing problems? The use of thickened fluids in patients with dysphagia is widespread and considered an effective strategy for improving swallowing. However, the evidences that support the effectiveness of thickened fluids in reducing aspiration pneumonia and other complications are scarce. Instead, a body of evidences suggests that it is associated to adverse events, including dehydration, malnutrition and reduced health-related quality of life. A recent study on the implementation of this intervention on patients with dementia and dysphagia admitted to hospital shows no differences in mortality between patients exposed or not to a diet with thick liquid, and a higher risk of respiratory complications. Pending studies to clarify which behaviour is best, it is important to try to understand, together with the patient and the clinical specialists, the best strategy tailored on the patient.