An updated checklist of species of L. found in Cuba is presented with analysis of the different elements represented. Griseb. is defined broadly to include Griseb. and Urb. and its differences from the little-known (House) Urb. are discussed. C. Wright ex Griseb. is reinstated as the correct name for the species generally known as House. C. Wright is recognised as a distinct species from A. Rich. and images are provided to help distinguish the two species. Urb. and Alain are shown to be conspecific with Choisy, whose disjunct distribution is mapped and discussed. The little-known Hadač is described and illustrated and the cited collections show it to be locally common in the Guantánamo region. J. R. I. Wood & Scotland is described as new from Camagüey in central Cuba. Eight species endemic to Cuba collected by Ekman and described by Urban in 1924 - 25 are evaluated but only two, Urb. and Urb., are deemed to warrant recognition as distinct endemic species. The origin and typification of Hook. are discussed and an epitype designated. Cultivated plants named occur in many tropical countries including Cuba but their extreme variation suggests hybrid origin. Four species from Jamaica, House, Urb., Proctor and the Jamaican plant called are treated as synonyms of a variable , which is endemic to the island. Proctor is treated as var. J. R. I. Wood & Scotland of Jacq. Griseb. is treated as a synonym of M. Martens & Galeotti. Lectotypes are designated for , C. Wright, Meisn. and Urb.

Recent collections of from North East Brazil have revealed a number of unexpected disjunct distributions. The most remarkable is that of D. F. Austin, previously thought to be endemic to Panama but now known from three states in NE Brazil. Revision of Panamanian material named unexpectedly showed that two distinct species had been treated under this one name. Specimens from the Chagres National Park area in Panama are described as a new species under the name J. R. I. Wood & Buril while is retained as the correct name for the plant from the Altos de Campana in Panama and NE Brazil. An amended description of this species is given and a table of differences between the related species is provided. Two recently described species from Bolivia, J. R. I. Wood & Scotland and J. R. I. Wood & Scotland are recorded from NE Brazil several thousand km from their type localities. Attention is drawn to the role of granite inselbergs as sites of species with a disjunct distribution. A possible relative of is described as a new species from NE Brazil under the name J. R. I. Wood & Buril. The new species are illustrated with line drawings and maps of the unusual distribution patterns are provided.

109 species of L. are recorded from Bolivia. This total includes six new country records and two species, J. R. I. Wood & Scotland and J. R. I. Wood & Scotland, which are described as new, while O'Donell is excluded having been included previously in error. The little-known Hassl. is described in full and compared with Hallier f. and other species with which it has been confused. The paper is illustrated with line drawings, photographs and distribution maps of the main species discussed.

Since its description, almost 100 years ago, the genus has been treated as monospecific, comprising the single canopy-emergent species Ducke which grows in non-flooded Amazonian forests of Guyana, Suriname and seven states of northern and central-western Brazil. G. P. Lewis & G. S. Siqueira, which grows in a restricted area of semi-deciduous Atlantic rain forest in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, is described as a new species in the genus. The new species is also a canopy-emergent of impressive stature. We provide descriptions for both species, a key to species identification, a distribution map and the new species is illustrated. Fossil leaves, inflorescences and fruit provide evidence for a -like ancestor occurring in south-eastern North America during the Eocene. In contrast to where pollen is dispersed in tetrads, the pollen of is shed in monads. is considered critically endangered following IUCN conservation criteria, whereas is assessed to be of least concern. A lectotype is designated for .

This paper provides a linear sequence of four subfamilies, 15 tribes and 106 genera of the magnoliid family Annonaceae, based on state-of-the-art and stable phylogenetic relationships. The linear sequence facilitates the organisation of Annonaceae herbarium specimens.

Hamzaoğlu & Koç a new species of sect. is described and illustrated from Turkey. Information on distribution, habitat and conservation status are given. The most similar species is The morphology and micromorphology of seed and pollen characters of the two closely related species are compared.

sect. (Cyperaceae) contains 31 species worldwide, with important continental radiations in Australasia, Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and the Neotropics. Here, a monograph of the African and Madagascan species of sect. is presented, including descriptions, illustrations, synonymy, notes on habitat and ecology, geographic distribution ranges and conservation assessments. Our results identify eight species of sect. endemic to Madagascar, and a further three species native to Tropical Africa. Seven species of sect. have been typified herein. Six rare Madagascan endemics are assessed as threatened with extinction.

Systematic monographs are an important tool for understanding biodiversity. However, while papers that outline systematic methods for biogeography, phylogenetics and diversification are commonplace, papers that cover methods for monographic and taxonomic research are rare. In this paper, we describe how we conducted a monographic study of , drawing attention to the resources we made use of and the practical steps we took, with a particular focus on how we integrated results from molecular and morphological analyses. The monograph provided a framework for a range of subsequent research, including studies on the origin of the important crop sweet potato. It is hoped that our experience will provide a blueprint for others embarking on the preparation of a systematic monograph.

Fieldwork, examination of herbarium specimens and photographic images, supported by molecular sequencing have resulted in the re-interpretation of a number of species of L. found in Ecuador and the recognition of four new species. Standl. & Steyerm. is shown to be a distinct species from Meisn. and their contrasting distribution is mapped. An unusual variation in Ker Gawl. is discussed and illustrated. It is shown that, whereas O'Donell is present in the south of Ecuador, records of O'Donell are probably all errors for J.R.I.Wood & Cerón, which is described as a new species endemic to Ecuador. Three other endemic species all known from single locations, J.R.I.Wood & P.Muñoz, J.R.I.Wood & Scotland and J.R.I.Wood & Scotland are described as new. The full distribution of T.Wells & P.Muñoz is mapped as a result of recent fieldwork and (D.F.Austin & Staples) J.R.I.Wood & Scotland is recorded from Ecuador for the first time. Taxonomic notes, information on habitat and distribution, maps, line drawings and photographs illustrate the species discussed. A key to all 57 species of recorded from Ecuador is provided to facilitate identification.