Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, non-atherosclerotic vascular disease affecting medium to large arteries, especially the renal and internal carotid arteries (ICAs). The string-of-beads appearance, indicative of alternating areas of stenosis and dilatation, is a key imaging feature typically observed in the distal ICAs. Diagnosing FMD in critically ill patients poses challenges due to the risks associated with traditional imaging methods such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman diagnosed with stroke who required mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Initial Doppler ultrasound revealed a fibrolipid plaque at the left internal carotid artery but could not assess the distal ICAs. Using a transoral approach with an endocavitary transducer, we visualized the distal ICAs, revealing the classic string-of-beads pattern and elevated peak systolic velocities indicative of stenosis. CTA confirmed these findings. The transoral ultrasound approach offers a non-invasive, bedside alternative for assessing the distal portions of the ICAs, making it particularly beneficial in critically ill patients. This case underscores the potential of this technique for timely diagnosis of FMD, warranting further research into its broader applicability in routine evaluations of suspected cases.

The purpose of this study is to propose new ultrasound scores to assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and to analyze their accuracy in assessing disease severity. In addition to this, to validate that intestinal ultrasound can be used as a follow-up tool for the assessment of IBD.

We report the case of a 28-year-old female patient (gravida 2, para 1) who underwent a cesarean section after 33 weeks of pregnancy due to severe preeclampsia. The placenta was deeply embedded in the myometrium. Localized myometrial ischemia occurred following repair and suturing of the myometrium at the placental attachment site.

Cancer in pregnancy has an incidence of approximately 1:1000, and cases of sarcoma in pregnancy are rare, with only a few described in the literature. This case report describes a 32-year-old pregnant woman who noticed an approximately 3.0 cm nodule on her left flank in the second trimester of pregnancy. Initially, it was diagnosed as a lipoma. The lesion grew progressively and after 5 months, at 25 weeks' gestation, the lesion became painful, bulky, with areas of necrosis and infection, and emitted a foul odor. Magnetic resonance imaging described the lesion as a heterogeneous mass measuring 12.0 × 10.0 × 9.6 cm on the left posterolateral abdominal wall, involving subcutaneous tissue and abdominal muscles. Oncologic treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated, and 1 month later, at 29 weeks, obstetric ultrasound revealed fetal growth restriction (FGR). During one of the fetal vitality assessments, oligohydramnios and umbilical artery Doppler with reverse diastolic flow were observed, leading to an emergency cesarean section at 31 weeks. The newborn died 4 days after delivery. Chemotherapy continued, and after the third cycle, the lesion was completely excised. Anatomopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry were consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was referred for adjuvant radiotherapy to supplement treatment. This case report discusses aspects related to the frequency of sarcoma in pregnancy, diagnostic difficulties, the frequency of fetal vitality assessments, and possible therapeutic approaches during pregnancy.

There are logistic problems in obtaining adequate microbiological samples for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children, globally. Most studies on ultrasound have evaluated mediastinal nodes in children with tuberculosis (TB), but very few studies are available on lung ultrasound (LUS) appearances in proven PTB.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is the classic phenotype of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. ARVC in twins have been reported rarely. Herein, we report an unusual case of young monozygotic twins with early disease onset presenting different course of disease progression and clinical manifestations. Echocardiography with multiparameters was used for the diagnosis, screening, and follow-up of the disease for the family. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed the fibrosis distribution in the right ventricular with late gadolinium enhancement. DSG2 mutation was found in the family members, which confirmed the final diagnosis of ARVC.

Ultrasound lung surface motion measurement is valuable for the evaluation of a variety of diseases. Speckle tracking or Doppler-based techniques are limited by the loss of visualization as a tracked point moves under ribs or is dependent.

To investigate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) parameters of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) before and after two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients in predicting the efficacy of NAC.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of lacrimal gland ultrasonography (LGUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in distinguishing primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) patients from healthy controls and examines their role in assessing disease activity and prognosis.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of myocardial segmental thickness variability (STV) measured by echocardiography in distinguishing ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).

The largest cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide is lung cancer. The dimensions and positioning of the primary tumor, the presence of lesions, the type of lung cancer like malignant or benign, and the good mental health diagnosis all play a part in the diagnosis of the disease.

Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is increasingly used to assess pulmonary diseases due to its safety and convenience. This study aimed to find out the association between the LUS score and the PaO/FiO ratio in neonatal pneumonia.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels to evaluate the efficacy of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) treatment is still rare.

To explore the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating the efficacy of wrist intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

This narrative review examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in prenatal care, particularly in managing pregnancies complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). AI provides a transformative approach to diagnosing and monitoring FGR by leveraging advanced machine-learning algorithms and extensive data analysis. Automated fetal biometry using AI has demonstrated significant precision in identifying fetal structures, while predictive models analyzing Doppler indices and maternal characteristics improve the reliability of adverse outcome predictions. AI has enabled early detection and stratification of FGR risk, facilitating targeted monitoring strategies and individualized delivery plans, potentially improving neonatal outcomes. For instance, studies have shown enhancements in detecting placental insufficiency-related abnormalities when AI tools are integrated with traditional ultrasound techniques. This review also explores challenges such as algorithm bias, ethical considerations, and data standardization, underscoring the importance of global accessibility and regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable implementation. The potential of AI to revolutionize prenatal care highlights the urgent need for further clinical validation and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Traditionally, computed tomography angiography has been considered the gold standard for diagnosing renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Despite the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting AVM through Doppler techniques, it often lacks the ability to provide detailed insights into the lesion. In this narrative, we present a case of unexplained hematuria accompanied by flank pain, which was conclusively diagnosed as congenital renal AVM via multimodal ultrasound. The pivotal contributions of color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are that they are instrumental in enabling an early and markedly precise diagnostic pathway.

Vesicovaginal reflux (VVR) is a functional disorder seen in girls and women. It may be asymptomatic or cause incontinence and dribbling symptoms. It is often associated with high body mass index (BMI) and infrequent voiding or abnormal voiding position. It is important to be aware of this entity as it can be mistaken for a vesicovaginal or urethrovaginal fistula or hydrocolpos on imaging all of which require surgical treatment. The fluid collecting in the vagina in VVR is urine which refluxes during micturition via the introitus from the urinary bladder into the vagina and can leak out later. In a typical case, urocolpos is seen as an anechoic fluid collection in the vagina during transabdominal sonography of the pelvis with a full bladder. It usually diminishes in size and can disappear when the patient is reassessed after voiding the urine completely. Knowledge of this entity in a patient with the classical body habitus is helpful in preventing an unnecessary imaging odyssey and causing anxiety to the patient. Treatment of VVR is by modification of toileting behavior and weight loss.

The third-trimester ultrasound diagnosis in two fetuses with isolated testicular torsion is described. Pregnancy courses were uneventful and routine second-trimester scans had shown no structural anomalies. Antenatal ultrasound performed at 32 + 3 and 33 + 0 weeks' gestation showed signs consistent with the diagnosis of isolated left spermatic cord torsion in both cases (absent flow across the testicular artery, hyperechogenic small rounded mass in the hemiscrotum representing the twisted testes, and hydrocele). Although testicular torsion may occasionally occur in utero, these acute events have been scanty reported in the prenatal literature. As a consequence of the ischemic injury, the rate of salvage of the affected testis is extremely low.

Ultrasonography (USG), which is used as the first step in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA), sometimes cannot visualize the appendix. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical, imaging, and pathology results of these cases and to provide information to clinicians about the next step to be taken.