Bicoronal incision and bifrontal craniotomy are commonly used for resecting large (4-6 cm) or giant ( 6cm) olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). Although the bifrontal approach provides good bilateral visual access to the anterior cranial fossa, it is associated with the risk of injury to the frontal bridging veins and superior sagittal sinus, infection, and CSF leakage due to the frontal sinus neighborhood.

Successful deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires precise electrode placement. However, brain shift from loss of cerebrospinal fluid or pneumocephalus still affects aim accuracy. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) provides absolute spatial sensitivity, and intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (iCBCT) has become increasingly used in DBS procedures. However, its accuracy is unclear. We examined iCBCT accuracy and the need for postoperative imaging to confirm electrode position and assess complications of DBS surgery.

Obesity has emerged as a critical risk factor for various cerebrovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of obesity on vascular health, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which may exacerbate vascular complications following hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, the effect of obesity on the severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage was investigated.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the guideless catheter placement technique in revision surgeries for external ventricular drainage (EVD) and ventricular shunt systems to improve treatment outcomes for hydrocephalus.

Determine if low-cost magnification devices (USB computer microscope, smartphone) enable the acquisition and maintenance of basic microsurgical skills by comparing skills learned using these devices against those learned using a surgical microscope. Determine whether skills acquired using these devices can be transferred to the surgical microscope.

Introduction In the realm of Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS), various access methods such as Transfemoral access (TFA), Transradial Artery access (TRA), and Transbrachial access (TBA) have been employed. While TFA is widely established, TRA and TBA offer alternative options. TBA lacks comprehensive studies, and there is a notable lack of comprehensive evidence systematically evaluating its outcomes. Material and Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of TBA for CAS by conducting a thorough search on Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting TBA for CAS and evaluating primary outcomes such as good neurological results, procedural success, and complications were included. Studies with fewer than 4 patients were excluded. Results After a meticulous selection of 1837 literature articles, 11 studies were meticulously chosen for the comprehensive examination, involving a total of 273 patients. The analysis of nine studies revealed a consistent 100% procedural success rate with minimal variability (95% CI: 98% to 100%). In the final assessment of neurological status across eight studies, good neurological outcomes were observed in 99% (95% CI: 98% to 100%). Additionally, nineteen complications were identified, leading to a 1% rate (95% CI: 0% to 9%). Among the 223 patients in eight studies, resulting in a pooled estimate of 0% mortality (95% CI: 0% to 1%), indicating a favorable safety profile. Conclusion The results of TBA for CAS demonstrate a highly effective and safe procedure. Despite the limitations, TBA can be an option in patients with no other access available, and further comparative studies are required to establish definitive conclusions. Key-words: Brachial, Carotid, Carotid artery stenting, Stent, Transbrachial.

To assess the changes of intracranial pressure waveforms (ICPW) acquired noninvasively in a set of acute hydrocephalus patients prior to and posterior to interventions.

The aim of the study is to determine sac volume based on radiological examinations in patients undergoing surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) and to investigate the relationship of sac volume with hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation type 2 (CM) with a view to determining the optimum length of follow-up and recommend a treatment plan.

This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. HDAC enzyme activity and the expression of inflammation markers were tested, with the presence of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid, in human primary cell cultures prepared from two different tissues.

Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and ca-rotid stenosis is the leading etiology of ischemic strokes of non-cardiac origin. The chronic inflammatory process and pro-inflammatory state in carotid stenosis seem to be the most im-portant underlying factor in carotid occlusion. In addition to medical therapy and carotid ar-tery stunting (CAS) in the treatment of carotid stenosis, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the main surgical treatment of carotid stenosis and its prognosis is the main subject of our study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of obesity on the treatment outcomes of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs).

The Transorbital and supraorbital minimally invasive approaches have been defined to reach intraorbital structures, adjacent sinuses, skull base, and other intracranial targets in this region. These approaches reduce the possible cosmetic and brain retraction-related morbidities caused by traditional transcranial approaches. Although these pathways are being studied endoscopically, a stereotactic approach has not been defined. The Kocher`s point and its surroundings, which are traditional entry points used in stereotactic surgery create compelling trajectories, carry a potentially higher complication risk for subventricular psychosurgical and hypothalamic targets. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the supraorbital and transorbital approaches as alternative entry sites and trajectories targeting the nucleus accumbens (NAc), subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), in cadavers and surgical planning station.

Latissimus dorsi is a multi-purpose muscle that can be used to repair defects in many areas of the body. The current study aims to investigate latissimus dorsi morphometry, innervation, vascularization, and variational situations in fetuses.

We investigated the short- term results of dynamic/semi-rigid stabilization in patients with cervi-cal spinal stenosis and compare them with patients for which decompression and posterior cer-vical fusion was performed.

St. John\'s Wort Oil (JWO) has a sedative property and it is used traditionally for the treatment of depression, neuralgia and excitability. JWO has been shown to have anticancer activity via apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. However, information on whether JWO is effective on the autophagy mechanism in glioblastoma is still not known. So, the current study was the first to search the autophagy mechanism T98 glioma cells.

Erdheim-Chester Disease is a rare systemic xanthogranulomatous infiltrating disease, characterized by lipid-laden histiocytes accumulating in various organs and almost always in bones. Etiology of the disease is still unknown. It may involve various organs and systems, such as musculoskeletal, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal and central nervous system (CNS) as well as the skin. The most common systemic manifestations are bone lesions and the specific sign of these are bilateral sclerosis of the diaphysis and metaphysis of long bones. Symptoms and signs can vary related to the organ or system that is involved. In CNS involvement, cerebellar and pyramidal symptoms and signs are the most common, while headache, seizure, cranial nerve paralysis, neuropsychiatric along with cognitive complaints and mood disorders are also reported. Furthermore, there are asymptomatic cases. Histologically lipid-laden foamy histiocytes with small round nucleuses and without nuclear grooves are the characteristic histological features. These histiocytes show positive CD68 and negative S100 and CD1a immunoreaction. Surgery is a reasonable treatment in the patients who have extra- or intracranial lesions with smooth borders when the neurological signs and symptoms are mild. Medical treatment of the disease includes steroid, cytotoxic agents such as cladribin, IFN α-2a, recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tirosine kinase inhibitors, biphosphonate and autologue hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. In this report a 29 years old man was presented with a frontal calvarial lesion who was operated and diagnosed as Erdheim Chester disease.

The aim of this study is to assess associated cerebral supratentorial anomalies in patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair in hopes of developing a better morphological apprehension of the forebrain's anomalies in this category of patients.

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the morphology of sella turcica (ST) in Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) using computed tomography.

Many combinations of inflammation-based markers have been reported their prognostic ability. The prognostic value of albumin-to-gama-glutamyltransferase ratio (AGR), an inflammation-related index, has been identified for several cancers. However, the predictive value of AGR for high-grade glioma patients remains unclear. As a result, this study was conducted to assess the prognostic value of AGR in high-grade glioma patients (WHO III and IV) and develop a predictive nomogram.

Minimally-invasive spinal surgery is increasingly being adopted worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent full endoscopic lumbar disk surgery.

This study aims to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Tim-3, an immune checkpoint molecule, and Rel-B, an NF-κB subunit, in grade 4 diffuse glioma samples and their relationship with each other.