Ethnic identity is theorized to be a critical aspect of human development and is shown to be associated with health and well-being. The Ethnic Identity Scale is a widely used measure that assesses key aspects of ethnic identity development (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2004). The Multicultural Identity Integration Scale (MULTIIS) is a measure that has been more recently developed to assess key aspects of identity integration for individuals with multicultural identities (Yampolsky et al., 2016). Despite the ongoing utilization of these instruments, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation within Multiracial populations has yet to be established in extant literature. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to examine the internal consistency, factor structure, and other psychometric characteristics of the Ethnic Identity Scale and MULTIIS within a sample of 1,012 Multiracial adults in the United States. The majority of the sample identified as female (67.5%, = 683), straight (80.1%, = 798), having attained less than a college degree (62.3%, = 627), and having a household income less than $60,000 (57.4%, = 552). The majority of participants (55%, = 557) were classified as having White and non-White racial/ethnic backgrounds, 45.0% ( = 455) as non-White. Findings suggest the Ethnic Identity Scale fits the data poorly by all measures, despite supporting the three-factor structure recommended in the original study; the MULTIIS fits the data acceptably by all measures and supports both a three-factor first-order and eight-factor second-order structure recommended in the original study. Analyses of the MULTIIS three-factor first-order model's measurement invariance across race, gender, educational attainment, and household income identified variance for specific latent factors. Overall, the MULTIIS performed acceptably; however, studies relying on the MULTIIS should account for differential measurement. Implications for clinical, scientific, and public health practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Fifty years ago, the Rosenhan experiment was one of the most impactful psychological studies across decades. One of the main claims of the experiment was that clinicians could be negatively biased in their first clinical impressions, which would negatively impact further clinical decisions. We conducted two experiments ( = 56 and 64) in which psychotherapists were asked to give their first clinical impressions in two consecutive cases after a brief presentation of the case (case description and video excerpt) and a short recall task of the information provided. The attentional focus in the recall task served as an independent variable. Therapists had to adopt either a symptom-focused or a strength-focused attentional focus to recall the cases, that is, therapists rated their first case in either the symptom-focused or the strength-focused condition and the second case in the opposite condition. In both studies, therapists in the symptom-focused conditions rated patients as slightly more distressed, less resilient, and less psychosocially integrated in comparison to the strength-focused conditions. However, even statistically significant, these effects were rather small to clinically negligible. Our preliminary results suggest that the first clinical impressions of contemporary psychotherapists are vulnerable in both experiments to be slightly, but not as dramatically, distorted as the Rosenhan experiment would suggest at the time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article describes the development and validation for a measure designed to assess the importance and meaning of Black history-the Scale of Black History Consciousness (SBHC)-in two independently recruited samples of African descent adults. After iterative exploratory ( = 350) and confirmatory ( = 366) factor analytic procedures, a 12-item measure, with scores of two internally consistent factors ( and ), emerged as the most parsimonious and psychometrically sound. An assessment of scalar measurement invariance using multiple indicators multiple causes modeling indicated that SBHC factors did not differ across racial-ethnic identification or generational status. Validity evidence was established through an examination of bivariate correlations of the SBHC factors with race centrality and impression management. Additionally, participants who endorsed being in environments where learning about Black history was emphasized reported higher SBHC scores than their counterparts who were not exposed to these environments demonstrating known-groups validity. These results provide initial support for the validity and reliability of the SBHC. Findings from this study advance scholarship about the psychological importance of Black history, and the SBHC can contribute to investigations of African descent adults' beliefs about the value of Black history in their lives. Recommendations for further scale development research and practice applications of the SBHC are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Wisdom is often recognized as a great resource in resolving complex problems, including challenges in one's career. However, current conversations on handling ambiguity in career development are disconnected from the wisdom literature, and a psychometrically sound measure of career wisdom is lacking. This article presents two studies that aimed to develop such a tool and evaluate its psychometric performance. Study 1 utilized a sample of workers ( = 349) from the United States to create and explore the factor structure of a measure called the Career Wisdom Scale. In Study 2, a sample of U.S. workers ( = 387) was tracked over 8 months to validate the Career Wisdom Scale by assessing its structural, convergent, predictive, and incremental validities. The results supported the psychometric soundness of the newly developed Career Wisdom Scale. Structurally, the results revealed a three-factor structure of career wisdom, which encompasses embracing ignorance, embracing intuition, and embracing vulnerability. Furthermore, the results indicated that career wisdom predicted various outcomes, including career satisfaction, life satisfaction, organizational career growth, psychological well-being, career adaptability, and work-life balance over and beyond personality traits and career decision anxiety. In conclusion, the present studies offer a valuable measure of career wisdom for both future research and practical application. Additionally, it underscores the importance of career wisdom in effectively managing career challenges that may lack clear solutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Research on the experiences of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals in counseling psychology is expanding, but studies focusing on their work experiences remain limited and primarily address workplace discrimination. This study aimed to develop a grounded theory on Korean TNB workers' interpersonal experiences at work, exploring not only their challenges but also their growth through workplace relationships. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, the authors interviewed 16 Korean TNB workers from diverse professions and industries. The resulting theory demonstrates how TNB workers develop critical consciousness of gender, self, and society through significant changes in workplace social interactions and status. This heightened awareness enables TNB workers to balance their authentic selves with others' expectations and to engage in social advocacy. The study concludes with implications for strength-based counseling practices, advocacy needs, and directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people experience elevated rates of posttraumatic stress (PTS) due to transphobic violence, discrimination, microaggressions, and minority stress. Nonbinary people in particular experience unique chronic minority stressors (e.g., misgendering, interpersonal invalidation) because of the assumption that gender is inherently binary. Such examples of oppression against TNB people could contribute to complex PTS (c-PTS) symptoms, which arise due to exposure to chronic, cumulative, and interpersonal trauma. This study aimed to examine how misgendering and invalidation may be associated with PTS and c-PTS symptoms among nonbinary people and whether this association is moderated by pride and community connectedness. Cross-sectional data from 610 nonbinary people living in the United States and Canada were analyzed using hierarchical linear regressions. Misgendering and invalidation had significant positive associations with PTS and c-PTS symptoms. However, pride and community connectedness were not significant moderators of these associations. Findings from this study contribute to the conceptualizations of traumatic stress among nonbinary people and provide considerations for more affirming trauma-informed care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Contemporary American Indian communities experience a disproportionately high rate of specific mental health concerns, including psychiatric disorders as defined by professional psychology. Although integrating mainstream mental health services and Indigenous traditional healing (ITH) has been presented as a promising approach to addressing these inequities, such integration necessitates in-depth exploration and consideration of ITH. To that effect, this article provides a thematic analysis of an interview with an urban American Indian traditional healer who reflected on more than 4 decades of therapeutic experience. Based on this analysis, we identified two major themes. The first theme, , reflects this healer's conceptualization and understanding of the therapeutic process while the second theme, explicates the foundational commitments that shape and guide this healer's application and practice of ITH. These insights reinforce previous observations made by scholars of Indigenous health and well-being that challenge dominant Euro-American perspectives and call for transformative change in psychology research and practice, advocating for professional consideration of a broader range of therapeutic rationales, traditions, and practices than what is common within the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Critical social media literacy-the ability to critically evaluate and interpret racist social media content (critical consumption) and to produce and disseminate antiracist social media content (critical prosumption)-may help counter the negative psychological consequences of online racism, including internalized racism. We examined whether critical social media literacy (critical consumption and prosumption) buffered the association between online racism and internalized racism. We conducted latent moderated structural equation modeling to analyze online convenience data from 338 racially minoritized emerging adults ( = 23.28; Asian, = 96; Black, = 108; Latine, = 118). Greater exposure to online racism was associated with significantly higher levels of internalized racism; critical consumption weakened this association, while critical prosumption did not. Results suggested that critical social media literacy, particularly consumption-the intellectual basis and analytical skills to apprehend racist digital content-can be effective in mitigating the internalized racism linked to online racism among racially minoritized emerging adults. Implications include translating these findings into antiracist interventions to counter online racism and its deleterious behavioral health consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite the common assumption that increased therapist experience correlates with improved client outcomes, studies reveal inconsistent relationships between therapist experience and therapy effectiveness. Some studies have demonstrated a slight worsening of client outcomes as therapists gain more experience. Yet, there are few studies that have examined how therapists change in their client outcomes over time, especially across different outcomes (e.g., depression, life functioning, anxiety). The present study used the Behavioral Health Measure-17 to investigate therapist effectiveness over time on multiple treatment outcomes (e.g., general distress, life functioning, anxiety, alcohol/drug use) using a large naturalistic sample of 613 professional therapists and 42,690 clients over approximately 12 years of psychotherapy data. Our results show a significant decrease in client outcomes over time in three domains: general distress, life functioning, and anxiety, albeit small-sized effects. Our findings also indicate that therapist caseload and baseline severity were not associated with predicting client outcomes and that, unexpectedly, the severity of therapist caseloads decreased over time. These findings underscore the importance of a nuanced understanding of therapist effectiveness, challenging the assumption of universal improvement with experience. Furthermore, we believe that these findings may offer preliminary support for matching therapists with clients based on domain-specific strengths. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study represents a replication and extension of Kivlighan et al.'s (2021) study, focusing on the social microcosm hypothesis, which posits that group members' interpersonal relationships, operationalized by intimate behaviors such as expressing anger or caring, inside the group, mirror their interpersonal relationships outside of the group. We examined the reciprocal associations between a group member's (e.g., actors) and the other group members' (e.g., partners) in-session and intersession intimate behaviors. The participants were 122 Italian graduate students (89.3% identifying as women) participating in eight-session interpersonal growth groups led by six experienced group therapists. Before each session group members completed the Interpersonal Relations Scale Checklist (Shadish, 1984) indicating their intersession intimate behaviors in the previous week. After each session group members completed the Interpersonal Relations Scale Checklist indicating their own in-session intimate behaviors. We used dynamic structural equation modeling to examine the reciprocal, temporal associations among group members' intersession and in-session intimate behaviors. The replication hypotheses were not confirmed. However, when partners engaged in higher than average intersession intimate behaviors in the previous week, then actors engaged in more in-session intimate behaviors in the current session. In addition, when actors and partners engaged in higher than average in-session intimate behaviors in the previous session, then actors engaged in significantly more intersession intimate behaviors in the current week. The results provide partial support for social microcosm theory, which predicts a reciprocal relationship for in-session and intersession intimate behaviors. As described above, there was a reciprocal relationship for partners' but not for actors' intimate behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Self-criticism is a transdiagnostic phenomenon associated with different psychopathological manifestations in clinical and nonclinical samples. This fact has led to an increase in research on its measurement and treatment. This study seeks to examine the effects of emotion-focused therapy on self-criticism in a nonclinical population through pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up questionnaires. The study was designed as a randomized control trial comparing emotion-focused therapy for self-criticism ( = 24) versus a wait-list control group ( = 28). The efficacy was evaluated using Inadequate Self and Hated Self scales of Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring scale, as well as measures of depression, general distress, and interpersonal problems. The results showed significant improvements on the inadequate self, depression, general distress, self-compassion, and self-reassuring measures at the end of the treatment for emotion-focused therapy condition in comparison with the control, with most of the changes also being maintained in the follow-up. The results show the promise of emotion-focused therapy as a way of treating self-criticism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Therapists' outcome expectations influence the psychotherapy process and outcomes, but little is known about the factors influencing their development. This study explored therapists' experiences with establishing outcome expectations for their patients. The participants were 35 therapists from a public mental health setting, who were interviewed in five different focus groups. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes and 10 subthemes were identified. In Theme 1 (understanding the problem), participants' expectations were influenced by (a) their patients' diagnoses and the diagnostic process, (b) their perceptions of the complexity of the presenting problem, (c) how stable the patients' symptoms and situations were, and (d) whether they experienced familiarity with the patient or the patients' situation. In Theme 2 (the patient's openness to change), participants' expectations were influenced by (a) the patient's stated reason for seeking treatment, (b) the patient's conceptualization of their problem/situation, and (c) their perception of the patient's willingness to invest in the treatment. In Theme 3 (the fit between the therapist and patient), the participants discussed the factors that influenced whether they felt they were a good fit for working with an individual patient and how this perception of personal and professional fit influenced their expectations. We identify several ways that therapists' situational factors and their recognition of the patient through their own past experiences can influence their expectations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

In this study we assessed the construct validity of the recently published White Racial Affect Scale (Grzanka et al., 2020). Specifically, we assessed the convergent, criterion-related, and incremental evidence for construct validity of the White guilt, White shame, and White defensiveness (called "White negation" in the original article) factors. We used a video stimulus to trigger state guilt and shame in participants as part of the construct validity investigation. White adults in the United States signed up for the study online ( = 262) and watched a 5-min video stimulus and completed questionnaires before and after the video. Results of this study replicated many of the findings from the original White Racial Affect Scale validation study (Grzanka et al., 2020). We found strong evidence of construct validity for the White guilt and White defensiveness factors and mixed evidence for the White shame factor. We discuss directions for future research and implications for potential interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Coloniality, or the enduring legacy of domination and White supremacy stemming from colonization, manifests across power dynamics, knowledge systems, and personal identity. This study investigated the coloniality of being of 12 Puerto Rican adults living in the United States. We explored their perceptions of the self, other Puerto Ricans, Puerto Rican cultural patterns, and self-aspirations. Using consensual qualitative research, six domains emerged from the data, including (a) self-identity, (b) Puerto Rican pride, (c) other Puerto Ricans, (d) Puerto Rican dependency, (e) Puerto Ricans and work, and (f) reasons for migrating or staying in Puerto Rico. Results portrayed colonial power dynamics' profound and complicated mark on different aspects of the participants' individual and collective selves. Participants' language and narratives also conveyed ruptures between participants and other Puerto Ricans. Findings from our study help expand our understanding of Puerto Ricans' lived experiences of colonization, a group that still experiences the occupation and domination of its land and people. Our article also discusses the clinical and theoretical implications of this work, particularly as it pertains to Puerto Rican identity formation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article introduces the integrated behavioral model of mental health help seeking (IBM-HS), a theoretical model for understanding the constructs (e.g., systemic, predisposing, and enabling factors; mental health literacy; illness perceptions; perceived need; stigma; shame; perceived benefits, motivation) that influence people's decision making around seeking professional mental health care and their ultimate access to formal treatment. The IBM-HS is a help-seeking-specific adaptation of the empirically supported integrated behavioral model and integrative model, which are themselves evolutions of the theory of planned behavior and theory of reasoned action. The IBM-HS posits that help-seeking determinants (e.g., structural forces; cultural influences; past help-seeking experience; evaluated need; mental health perceptions, knowledge, and skills; social support) influence help-seeking beliefs (i.e., outcome beliefs, experiential beliefs, beliefs about others' expectations, beliefs about others' behavior, logistical beliefs), which in turn determine their respective help-seeking mechanisms (i.e., attitude, perceived norm, personal agency). These mechanisms collectively influence help-seeking intention, which drives prospective help-seeking behavior, subject to the moderating effects of determinants. Finally, prospective behavior has reciprocal feedback loop effects on certain determinants and beliefs. This article describes the need for the IBM-HS, the model's constructs and their interrelations, measurement considerations, and how the model can be used by scholarly and applied users to systematically understand people's intention to seek professional mental health care services and what helps or hinders them from utilizing this care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite the ever-growing presence of Black immigrant college students in the United States, little is known about their unique campus experiences or their mental health outcomes as it relates to psychopolitical determinants of well-being. This qualitative study aimed to explore the unique psychopolitical experiences of 14, first- and second-generation Black immigrant college students attending predominately White institutions in the United States. Using the theoretical frameworks of critical race theory, intersectionality, and psychopolitical validity to guide our study, a phenomenological approach uncovered six themes and 11 subthemes: (1) collective well-being, (2) relational well-being, (3) individual well-being (purpose; health and wellness; critical consciousness), (4) collective suffering (neocolonialism, oppressive policies, and political violence; institutional oppression; barriers to mental health care), (5) relational suffering (implicit racial bias, stereotypes, and microaggressions; violence and brutality), and (6) individual suffering (ethno-racial trauma; isolation; school-related stress). We highlight implications for practitioners working with Black immigrant college students such as providing culturally responsive mental health care and advocating for decolonized and antiracist trainings at predominately White institutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) individuals raised in conservative religious traditions present to therapy with questions about how to navigate tension between their sexual/gender and religious identities. For therapists, having accurate information about (a) the typical process of religious deidentification, (b) its antecedents, and (c) its outcomes is critical to empowering these clients to make the decisions that are best for them. We present data from a preregistered 4-year longitudinal study of 164 LGBTQ+ people who were active members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (CJCLDS) at baseline to examine the phenomenology, antecedents, and outcomes of religious change. Across the 4 years of our study, we found that two thirds of our sample religiously deidentified to some degree. On average, participants shifted their attendance at the worship services from weekly to a few times a year, and 40% of participants disaffiliated with the CJCLDS. Longitudinal multilevel models suggested that age predicted deidentification with younger participants deidentifying more quickly than older participants. Religious deidentification was positively related to engagement with LGBTQ+ communities, and follow-up cross-lagged panel analyses suggested that engagement with LGBTQ+ communities was predictive of subsequent decreases in service attendance rather than vice versa. No relationships were observed between religious deidentification and mental health or well-being. These data suggest that religious deidentification is normative and developmental for LGBTQ+ Latter-day Saints, this process is most active among younger individuals, and connecting with other LGBTQ+ people is a key facilitator for this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The American Psychological Association task force on empirically supported therapy relationships defined countertransference (CT) management (i.e., awareness of CT) as a "promising" element in psychotherapy research. The present study aimed to examine how changes in therapist CT and awareness of CT relate to therapy process and outcome. The data analysis was based on 41 treatments and used the core conflictual relationship theme to measure CT. We found that changes in therapists' Wishes from the relationship with the patient at the beginning of therapy were related to patients' working alliance and symptom changes at the end of treatment. Changes in therapist awareness of CT moderated the relationship between therapists' wishes from the therapy and patients' symptom changes during therapy. Last, we present a case study and discuss how awareness of CT can help the therapist handle the challenges that arise from it. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Grounded in the psychology of working theory, the link between economic constraints and decent work is well established. However, previous studies did not incorporate a developmental framework when examining this relationship. Drawing on a life history perspective, this study explored how childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with well-being through decent work. We adopted a dual-contextual approach, examining the interaction between childhood SES and current job insecurity as a predictor of decent work and well-being. Using data collected from 417 workers in South Korea, we tested a moderated mediation model. The results revealed significant indirect relationships between childhood SES and job and life satisfaction through decent work, particularly among individuals with higher job insecurity. Notably, these findings remained significant even after controlling for participants' current SES. Overall, our findings suggest that in contexts where job insecurity is prevalent, an individual's childhood SES is distinctly associated with decent work and well-being, independent of their current SES. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study tested a model of suicidal thoughts among bisexual women focusing on sexual violence, bisexual minority stress, and risk factors for suicide identified within the interpersonal theory of suicide (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness). The model was tested using cross-sectional, baseline data and longitudinally using 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments in a sample of bisexual women ( = 393, 98.3% cisgender, ages 18-35). Using structural equation modeling, we tested a serial mediation model predicting recent suicidal thoughts related to sexual violence and antibisexual stigma via internalized binegativity and expectations of rejection and subsequent perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Findings suggest that bisexual minority stress and child/adolescent sexual abuse relate to suicidal thoughts among bisexual women. In the cross-sectional model, the hypothesized serial links between antibisexual stigma and concurrent suicidal thoughts via expectations of rejection and internalized binegativity and subsequent perceived burdensomeness were significant. These paths were not significant in prospective analyses. Child/adolescent sexual abuse (but not adult sexual assault) related to suicidal thoughts via perceived burdensomeness; these paths were not significant in prospective analyses. It appears important to address both universal (i.e., perceived burdensomeness) and group-specific (i.e., expectations of rejection and internalized binegativity) mechanisms of risk in suicide prevention efforts with young bisexual women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Suicide is a leading cause of death among Black emerging adults. The concurrent effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and racial discrimination were projected to exacerbate suicide vulnerability for Black Americans. The purpose of the present study was to utilize a risk-resilience model to examine the effects of racial discrimination and COVID-related stress on suicide risk for Black emerging adults, as well as the moderating effect of three central components of radical healing: critical consciousness, resilience, and cultural authenticity. Study participants included 521 Black emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 29 (51.6% male; = 24.6, = 2.6) who completed measures evaluating symptoms of racial discrimination, COVID-related stress, suicide risk, and psychological well-being. After controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and general stress, structural equation modeling analyses revealed unique and interactive effects of racial discrimination, COVID-related stress, and culturally relevant protective factors on suicide risk for Black emerging adults. These findings provide preliminary insight into novel risk and protective factors that influence suicide risk for Black emerging adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined how ethnic-racial identity (ERI) profiles moderate the relationship between racial discrimination and mental health among Black American adults. Black American adults ( = 247) recruited from a community-based sample completed self-report measures of ERI, racial discrimination, depression, psychological distress, and emotional well-being. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four distinct ERI profiles, corresponding to the ERI status theorized in prior research-Diffusion, Moratorium, and Achievement-and a fourth profile, which corresponded to an ERI status for High Achievement. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that greater racial discrimination was significantly related to worse mental health for all outcomes and that having an ERI profile of High Achievement was significantly associated with lower depression. Moderation analysis indicated that the ERI profile for Achievement protected against depression and psychological distress in the context of high racial discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Changes in the individual's attachment orientation toward greater security are considered an important clinical goal. One promising underlying process of change in attachment orientation is shifting the emotion regulation tendency, in which the individual progresses from overreliance on the self or on the other to regulate emotional arousal. The present study utilized a computational approach to study shifts in the emotion regulation tendency as these manifest in the patient's and therapist's vocally encoded emotional arousal. The study examined whether shifts in the regulation tendency are associated with decreases in the level of insecure attachment and in strengthening of the therapeutic alliance. Shifts in the regulation tendency were examined throughout the early stages of treatment (Sessions 1-4) using 11,710 talk turns within 52 patient-therapist dyads. Findings suggest that shifts in the emotion regulation tendency are associated with greater strengthening of the therapeutic alliance and a decrease in the level of attachment avoidance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Informed by the interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) theory, the present studies examined the association between peer rejection, peer popularity, and social media addiction (SMA) at both between-person and within-person levels. Two distinct processes, the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process and the reward-driven process were explored. In Study 1, using a cross-sectional sample of high school students ( = 318), both processes were supported via different cognitive mediators. Support for the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process was demonstrated by finding that avoidance expectancy was a significant cognitive mediator between peer-nominated rejection and SMA. In turn, the reward-driven process was supported by the significant mediation of reward expectancy between peer-nominated popularity and SMA. In Study 2, using ecological momentary assessment with college students ( = 54), we found the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process partially supported through both between-person and within-person mediations. Specifically, negative affect and social media craving were two affective mediators that linked peer rejection and addictive social media use behaviors. On the other hand, the reward-driven process was predominantly supported by within-person mediations, in which positive affect and social media craving were found to be mediators of the relationship between peer popularity and addictive social media use behaviors. The results underscore that adolescents experiencing rejection tend to use social media to avoid negative feelings and compensate for interpersonal deficits, while adolescents experiencing popularity tend to use social media to maintain positive feelings and gain social rewards. Implications for the assessment, case formulation, and treatment of SMA in counseling practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The current pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a mental health promotion intervention for college students based on trauma-focused acceptance and commitment therapy (Harris, 2021). This hybrid intervention combined web-based modules with peer coaching in a research lab setting. Seventy-eight students were randomized to either the intervention group, "Present and Open for Values" training, or an active control group, "Crash Course" training. Psychological distress and life satisfaction levels were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3 months postintervention. Open-ended feedback, rating scales, and completion rates suggested that both conditions were well-received and feasible. Longitudinal mixed-effects regression models with subject-specific intercepts were used to examine intervention effects. Participants in the Present and Open for Values condition reported significantly greater reductions in psychological distress levels compared to the control group, both at the end of the intervention and 3-month follow-up. Additionally, they reported significantly greater improvements in life satisfaction levels at these same intervals compared to baseline measurements. No significant changes in these outcomes were observed for the control condition. These findings suggest that the Present and Open for Values intervention with peer coaching is a promising approach for addressing mental health issues among college students, with the potential to be scaled up for broader implementation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Although the presence of mental health stigma associated with seeking help has been demonstrated in many parts of the world, this work has largely been from an independent perspective (i.e., "I will be perceived as crazy") rather than from an interdependent perspective (i.e., "My family will be viewed negatively"). (i.e., the extent to which people believe their family would be devalued and shamed if they seek psychological help) may be an important type of stigma that has not been assessed. Based on self-construal theory, the present study sought to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an Interdependent Stigma of Seeking Help (ISSH) scale in eight different countries and regions (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Türkiye, the UAE, the United States). Findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the eight-item ISSH are adequate for research purposes (a unidimensional scale with full invariance and internal consistency estimates from .84 to .94). The ISSH was moderately related to other measures of stigma and psychological distress. Some differences in the relationship with specific outcomes by country and region were found, and there were notable country differences in the latent mean levels of ISSH, with Hong Kong and Taiwan having the highest means, and Australia, the United States, and Brazil having the lowest levels. Results suggest that the ISSH could be used to help clarify the complex relationships between stigma and other variables of interest and might be useful in developing culturally relevant interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

College students with psychiatric disabilities, particularly those with severe distress, have an increased risk of attrition from higher education. Highly distressed students may be hospitalized for psychiatric crises if there is a potential risk to their safety. Although college students' psychopathology has increased in severity over the last decade, hospitalized students remain an underresearched group at risk for attrition, trauma, suicide, and disconnection from their universities. The present study explored demographic, academic, and clinical characteristics of 880 undergraduate and graduate students hospitalized between Spring 2016 and Spring 2021 at a large public university in the southwestern United States. Study aims were addressed by testing proportional differences in (a) demographics of the hospitalized sample versus the student body and (b) cross-tabulations of demographic, academic, and clinical characteristics by hospital admission status (voluntary or involuntary). Results indicate that African American/Black and multiracial students; female, transgender, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or other nonheterosexual orientations students; undergraduates; and liberal arts, fine arts, and undeclared majors may be at increased risk for psychiatric hospitalization. Gender identity, sexual orientation, semester hospitalized, initiating entity, university counseling center utilization, and the presence of high-priority symptoms and suicidality were significantly associated with hospital admission status. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Trans young adults of color experience systemic harm that contributes to negative health outcomes and hinders their ability to live freely. The present study used a grounded theory qualitative methodology rooted in a critical-ideological paradigm to understand the intersections of racial and gender oppression. Trans young adults of color from across the United States ( = 15; ages 20-29; majority racial identities: Asian, Black, and multiracial; majority gender identities: nonbinary and transmasculine) participated in a semistructured interview. Analyses identified a six-category empirical framework explaining major dimensions and processes of intersectional experiences of trans people of color. The core category, Reclaiming Creativity, reflected how trans communities of color use creativity to build their identities and communities beyond intersectional oppressive societal norms and imagine a better, more liberated world. The remaining five categories were Creating and Recreating Identity, Experiencing Discrimination and Its Impacts on Wellness, Surviving Oppression and Compromising Authentic Self, Embracing Identity Strengths, and Finding Liberation. They provided insights into the role of creativity within the intersectional experiences of trans young adults of color. In doing so, they provided directions to address structural injustice, pursue liberation, and allow creativity to flourish. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mental health researchers have focused on promoting culturally sensitive clinical care (Herman et al., 2007; Whaley & Davis, 2007), emphasizing the need to understand how biases may impact client well-being. Clients report that their therapists commit racial microaggressions-subtle, sometimes unintentional, racial slights-during treatment (Owen et al., 2014). Yet, existing studies often rely on retrospective evaluations of clients and cannot establish the causal impact of varying ambiguity of microaggressions on clients. This study uses an experimental analogue design to examine offensiveness, emotional reactions, and evaluations of the interaction across three distinct levels of microaggression statements: subtle, moderate, and overt. We recruited 158 adult African American participants and randomly assigned them to watch a brief counseling vignette. We found significant differences between the control and three microaggression statements on all outcome variables. We did not find significant differences between the microaggression conditions. This study, in conjunction with previous correlational research, highlights the detrimental impact of microaggressions within psychotherapy, regardless of racially explicit content. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Reports an error in "Defining racial allies: A qualitative investigation of White allyship from the perspective of people of color" by Cassandra L. Hinger, Cirleen DeBlaere, Rebecca Gwira, Michelle Aiello, Arash Punjwani, Laura Cobourne, Ngoc Tran, Madison Lord, Jordan Mike and Carlton Green (, 2023[Nov], Vol 70[6], 631-644). An additional citation was added for the structure of the definition of White allies in the second paragraph of the introduction. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-23216-002.) While interdisciplinary scholars and activists urge White allies to engage in racial justice work led by the voices of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC), to date, most research on racial allyship has centered exclusively on the perspective of White allies themselves. Thus, the purpose of this study was to create a framework of racial allyship from the perspective of BIPOC. Utilizing constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2014), focus groups were conducted to understand how BIPOC describe the knowledge, skills, and actions of White allies. Participants across eight focus groups described allyship as an ongoing interpersonal process that included a lifelong commitment to (a) building trust, (b) engaging in antiracist action, (c) critical awareness, (d) sociopolitical knowledge, (e) accountability, and (f) communicating and disseminating information. The findings of this study point to several avenues through which White counseling psychologists can incorporate racial allyship in their research, training, clinical, and advocacy work that align with our field's emphasis on social justice, multiculturalism, and prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).