Recent studies have utilized fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) specifically to diagnose cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), excluding inclusion body myositis (IBM). Conversely, carbon-11 (C) labeled Pittsburgh compound B (PIB)-PET imaging is exclusively used for the detection of IBM. This research is designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in identifying IIM by employing rigorous diagnostic accuracy testing methodologies.

To investigate the positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings of T1/T2N0M0 glottic cancer (hereafter referred to as T1/T2) and dose distribution in radiotherapy.

This study was carried out to understand whether Q.Clear and ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), reconstruction algorithms used in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) applications, and parameters such as time of flight (TOF) and point spread function (PSF) cause different results in semi-quantitative measurements.

To explore the potential of intratumoral metabolism and its heterogeneous parameters, as measured by preoperative fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, to predict mediastinal occult lymph node metastasis in cN0 lung invasive adenocarcinoma.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting is an established long-term treatment option for hydrocephalus, and is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures in western countries.Despite advances in CSF shunt design and management, its failure rates remain high and is most commonly due to obstruction and infection.Cerebrospinal fluidshunt failure diagnosis should be prompt and accurate in establishing timely if its revision is appropriate. Radionuclide shuntography with technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepetaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) is a useful technique for evaluation CSF shunts and management of patients presenting with shunt-related problems, in particular it can avoid unnecessary replacement interventions. Although its execution and interpretation require specific skills, we suggest its execution for the evaluation of device's patency. We here describe the radionuclide shuntography performed with recent hybrid multimodal technologies, with a procedure customized to a complicated patient with hydrocefalus and neoplastic disease. We suggest considering radionuclide shuntography in association with conventional imaging and strongly recommend the additional performance of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) because it also provides valuable information to complete the interpretation of planar images.

This paper reviews the current status and future development of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) co-imaging technology in the field of cardiovascular diseases.

Cryptococcus, a genus of fungi, primarily includes Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, both known to cause human infections. Skeletal infections are rare, and there have been no reported cases of bone cryptococcal infection in conjunction with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Technetium-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (Tc-MIBI) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a functional imaging method with relatively poor specificity but high sensitivity. We present 48-year-old man with cardiac involvement due to muscular dystrophies (MD). Myocardial perfusion imaging rest images revealed regional myocardial perfusion decrease in multiple walls, enlarged heart and decreased left ventricular systolic function. The lesion location of MPI was consistent with that seen on CMR. Our case showed MPI was useful for detection and evaluation of the MD patient with cardiac involvement. In addition, imaging findings in combination with clinical history and other data are important. The case highlight is thevalue of MPI in myocardiopathy.

Tuberculosis continues to be a significant global health concern, impacting various parts of the body aside from the lungs. Muscular tuberculosis (MT), while rare, poses diagnostic hurdles due to its nonspecific imaging features. Presenting a case of a 66-year-old man with multiple MT lesions, we underscore the vital contribution of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in both diagnosis and treatment assessment. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT imaging revealed hypermetabolism in bilateral chest and back muscles, facilitating accurate diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. This highlights the pivotal role of F-FDG PET/CT in managing MT, especially in cases with multiple lesions.

NK/T cell lymphoma in the sacroiliac joint is very rare. We reportfluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings of NK/T cell lymphoma in the sacroiliac joint in a 48-year-old man. On F-FDG PET/CT image, it manifested a soft tissue mass with adjacent bone destruction in the sacroiliac joint, which had intense F-FDG uptake. The final pathology supported a diagnosis of NK/T cell lymphoma. Our case added the knowledge of another rare site of NK/T cell lymphoma, which should be regarded as a differential diagnosis for sacroiliac joint mass with intense F-FDG uptake.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with constantly growing incidence. Radioiodine ablation is a safe and effective method for managing TC. Recently various Guidelines (GL) have been published on whom should be ablated, when and under which circumstances. Our study compares 6 GL with a given patient cohort. Additionally, we evaluated each GL's quality via an independent tool.

Main pulmonary artery (MPA) involvement of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is extremely rare. We described fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings in a case with LYG originated from the MPA. Fluorine-18-FDG PET/CT demonstrated nodular hypermetabolic foci in the MPA, corresponding well to the intraluminal filling defects on CT pulmonary angiography, and the secondary right heart dysfunction was observed. Final diagnosis was made after transcatheter MPA biopsies and multi-disciplinary consultation. The patient recovered completely following the steroid therapy and MPA stenting, which was illustrated on the second F-FDG PET/CT.

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a multimodal imaging technique that combines PET and CT, utilizing FAP inhibitors as radiotracers. Fibroblast activation protein, a serine protease highly expressed in many epithelial tumor-associated fibroblasts, plays a crucial role in tumor stroma formation and remodeling. Through the detection of FAP expression, FAPI PET/CT facilitates the diagnosis and staging of both benign and malignant pulmonary tumors. In contrast to traditional fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT focusing on glucose metabolism, FAPI PET/CT offers benefits such as enhanced specificity, reduced background noise, accelerated imaging speed, and decreased radiation exposure. This review provides an overview of the progress in applying FAPI PET/CT and F-FDG PET/CT in pulmonary malignancies and discusses current challenges and future prospects.

We presented a case involving a 56-year-old man who had been experiencing shoulder and back pain for over a year, with extensive bone metastases revealed by a bone scan. To identify the primary source of these issues, the patients underwent a fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, which indicated moderate uptake in the right renal soft mass and low uptake in multiple osteolytic lesions. Pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the renal mass supported the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently, a novel somatostatin receptor imaging agent, AlF-NOTA-octreotide (F-OC), was performed to further investigate the source of metastatic lesions and to stage the tumor. The F-OC scan revealed a high-uptake lesion in the pancreatic head, as well as additional lymph node and bone metastases lesions. Compared to F-FDG, the F-OC demonstrated superior imaging capabilities and a significantly higher tumor-to-background ratio in neuroendocrine neoplasms, which contributed to improving the staging and treatment management.

Numerous studies have shown that gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans would yield high intra-tumoral tracer uptake and low uptake in normal tissues as background, thus allowing for excellent visualization of lesions in the cancer microenvironment. This study set out to compare the suitability of novel Ga-FAPI-46 PET versus routine fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET and other few cases of Ga-DOTATATE/Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the assessment of different types of cancer.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complementary in staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The combination of MRI and functional imaging from PET in PET/MR is promising in NPC management. Diagnostic performance of PET/CT and PET/MR was compared in 46 patients with histologically confirmed NPC under different disease scenarios, including primary non-metastatic cases, primary metastatic cases, recurrence and/or metastasis after treatment, and post-treatment follow-up cases.

The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by arterial oxygenation defect induced by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations in the setting of liver disease. We report a 57-year-old woman with a history of liver cirrhosis presented with progressive cyanosis, exertional dyspnea and a dry cough. Oxyhemoglobin saturation was 88.5% on room air. Contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) and technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) scintigraphy showed an intrapulmonary shunting and confirmed HPS.

To analyze the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) radiomics models in differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other mesenchymal tumors.