This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on the effects of boxing interventions on people with Parkinson disease.

Neuropsychology is an area of psychology that studies, through different methodologies, the relationship between the nervous system and behavior. This study aims to describe the profile of the patient who most frequently received a neuropsychological assessment at HULP between 2018 and 2023.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, with an incidence of 3.23 per 100,000 people. Despite the existence of various therapeutic approaches, the absence of a cure and the unfavorable prognosis persist for this neoplasm, with a median survival of approximately 8-15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 6.9%. In this review, we address the epidemiology, histopathology, molecular characteristics, and treatment of GBM. We highlight the relationship of GBM with the microenvironment in the lateral ventricle wall and the cerebrospinal fluid. The location of GBM in this region results in more aggressive tumors and shorter life expectancy for patients. Understanding the malignancy mechanisms that hinder remission, treatment, and positive prognosis opens the possibility of improving diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against GBM.

One of the most common errors made by physicians in all developed countries is to say that the p-value of a test is the probability that the null hypothesis considered in the test is true or false. Eighty percent of those polled in many surveys make this mistake. The p-value of a test is the probability of obtaining a result like the one obtained in the investigation if the null hypothesis is true. The probability of a pregnancy involving three embryos is very small, at 0.00008 (8 in 100,000). In pregnancies with triplets, the probability of a caesarean section being performed is very high, at 0.98 (98%). These are two very different values, and two very different concepts. Saying that 0.98 is the probability of a pregnancy involving triplets would be a serious mistake. We make the same mistake when we say that the p-value of the test is the probability that the null hypothesis is true, or the probability that it is false.

The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the population is currently 4%. It is usually associated with problems related to executive functions, attention and emotional regulation. Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), may compensate for cognitive impairment, thereby benefiting neuroplasticity and long-term outcomes.

A paediatric stroke is a rare entity that can occur at any age. It may be arterial or venous, ischemic or haemorrhagic, and may occur in the neonatal or paediatric stage of life, as well as in adolescence. Prompt diagnosis means that adequate treatment can be administered and prevents recurrence, minimising the percentage of sequelae. This guide aimed to analyse, prepare and classify the literature currently available in order to determine the best recommendations on the treatment of strokes in paediatric patients. In each section, we attempted to answer the following questions: when should we think in terms of a stroke and thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses in a newborn or paediatric patient? What are the recommended complementary studies? Is treatment indicated? What are the recommended treatments? This guide was prepared based on the opinion of experts in the field, in order to determine how the recommendations were assessed according to the 2011 Oxford Levels of Evidence. Finally, the guidelines were reviewed by the scientific committee of the Iberoamerican Academy of Pediatric Neurology for subsequent dissemination.

Leukodystrophies are a group of developmental disorders of the white matter in the central nervous system. Their differential diagnosis is very broad, and as such information from neuroimaging can be very useful. We present the case of an infant diagnosed with leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter following neurological regression.

The diagnosis of headache in children can be challenging due to its clinical variability and inability to verbalize certain symptoms. The use of drawing has been proposed to overcome these difficulties. The objective was to evaluate drawing as a diagnostic tool in primary headaches.

Drug-resistant epilepsy has a cumulative incidence between 14 and 20% of patients with epilepsy. It is associated with more comorbidities and with higher healthcare expenditure and impact on quality of life.

Epilepsy affects millions of people and its geographical patterns are usually linked to etiological aspects. Our objective was to describe main etiologies of epilepsy in Mexico.

The global burden of dementia will continue to increase and Latin America will be one of the most affected regions. It is urgent to have new and better cognitive screening tools. There are few screenings composed entirely of auditory-verbal items and even more so for Argentine culture. The objective was to build and validate a test for verbal auditory screening of cognitive alterations (CAVAC) in Argentina.

To determine the treatment of hyperglycemia in the stroke unit, and to compare the morbidity and mortality of patients treated with an intravenous (iv) insulin therapy protocol compared to subcutaneous (sc) insulin when reaching glycemia levels of = 155 mg/dL.

Multiple factors can cause sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease. The quality of sleep and therefore of life is usually improved with continuous dopaminergic stimulation therapies, such as continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine.

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder characterised by severe mental retardation, subtle dysmorphic facial features, a characteristic behavioural phenotype, seizures and abnormalities in video electroencephalograms (video EEG). Angelman syndrome may be associated with genetic mechanisms involving the region of chromosome 15q11-13. Up to 90% of cases have epileptic seizures, usually in the early years of life. Videoelectroencephalography patterns with some typical characteristics associated with Angelman syndrome have been reported, although these are not specific to it, and as such it is also useful for early diagnosis, especially in the first months or years of life.

Given that febrile seizures are a common reason for both hospital and pre-hospital visits to physicians, and in the absence of a clear consensus on guidelines for treatment, especially for complex febrile seizures (CFS), we aim to examine their characteristics and treatment in order to improve the approach to the issue.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects patients' quality of life. Treatment of PD requires accurate assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms, which is often complicated by subjectivity in reporting symptoms, and the limited availability of neurologists. Commercial wearable devices, which monitor PD symptoms continuously and outside the clinical setting, have appeared to address these challenges. These devices include PKG™, Kinesia 360™, Kinesia U™, PDMonitor™ and STAT-ON™. These devices use advanced technologies, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and specific algorithms to provide objective data on motor symptoms, such as tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Despite their potential, the adoption of these devices has been limited, due to concerns about their accuracy, complexity of use and the lack of independent validation. The correlation between the measurements obtained from these devices and traditional clinical observations varies, and their usability and patient adherence are critical areas for improvement. Validation and usability studies with a sufficient number of patients, standardised protocols and integration with hospitals' IT systems are essential to optimise their usefulness and improve patient outcomes.

This review, conducted by the Andalusian Epilepsy Society, provides an update on recent advances in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, focusing on three new anti-seizure drugs: cenobamate, fenfluramine and cannabidiol. These emerging drugs offer new therapeutic alternatives for patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The primary objective of this review is to provide healthcare professionals with an up-to-date overview of the efficacy, safety and potential clinical applications of these treatments, backed by the latest evidence. In addition to reviewing the available clinical evidence, the document addresses essential practical considerations for the implementation of these drugs in routine clinical practice, including aspects such as their dosage, drug interactions, and management of their side-effects. With this review, the Andalusian Epilepsy Society aims to contribute to improving the care for and quality of life of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and their families.

Migraine is the second most common type of primary headache disorder in Europe, accounting for 2.8% of visits to emergency departments. Some studies have shown that emergency departments may approach the disorder in ways that may be insufficient or inadequate.

Aortic arch complex atheromatosis is a source of cerebral embolism. A percentage of lacunar infarct could be of embolic etiology, especially due to microemboli of the aortic arch.