Therapies targeting HER2 and immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival in patients with metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, but the prognosis associated with these cancers remains poor. Claudin 18.2 is a tight junction protein expressed in the oeso-gastric mucosa. Some gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma overexpress this protein, as well as some pancreatic, ovarian and pulmonary cancers. In pathological context, its epitope may be exposed at the surface of cells and therefore makes it an interesting therapeutic target. Zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting claudin 18.2, showed a survival benefit in first line metastatic treatment in patients with claudin 18.2 positive gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adénocarcinoma, in two phase III studies. CAR T-cells specifically targeting this protein have also shown promising efficacy from the second line of treatment. Considering the probable impact of the expression status of claudin 18.2 in future treatment algorithms, this review aims to present the pathophysiology underlying the targeting of claudin 18.2, summarize state of the art results of anti-claudin 18.2 therapies and discuss future challenges for the management of patients with claudin 18.2 positive gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.

The covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (iBTKs) have profoundly transformed the management of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These targeted therapies, with ibrutinib as the pioneer, have paved the way for significant improvement in the prognosis of many patients. With second-generation iBTKs such as acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, the therapeutic landscape has expanded, offering potential new options for patients with CLL. This review focuses on the cardiovascular adverse effects associated with these treatments. It delves into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these effects, highlighting the complex interactions between these molecules and the cardiovascular system. Additionally, it examines the frequency of adverse effects according to the type of iBTK, drawing on data from clinical trials and real-world clinical practice. Finally, the importance of close cardio-oncological monitoring is emphasized, with essential collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists. Strategies for screening and managing cardiovascular adverse effects are also discussed, emphasizing the need for a proactive approach in managing these complications. Experts propose a pragmatic follow-up of these patients, through a central illustration and a figure adapted from European cardio-oncology guidelines, to simplify hematologists' practice.

The care of cancer patients involves a large number of healthcare professionals. Communication at the transition points between healthcare establishments and primary care providers needs to be improved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of community pharmacists regarding the transmission of the discharge letter when their patient is discharged from an oncology ward.

Since the last FIGO classification in 2009, numerous studies and recommendations have contributed to improving the management of endometrial cancer. The introduction of molecular classification (including POLE, MMR, and P53 status) has enabled better categorization of these cancers by defining specific patient groups, thus allowing for more tailored surgical management and adjuvant treatment. The data and analyses on molecular and histological classification developed in the 2021 guidelines from the European Societies of Gynecologic Oncology (ESGO), Radiation Therapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and Anatomical Pathology (ESP) have been utilized to develop the new 2023 FIGO classification for endometrial cancer. We are witnessing an evolution of the FIGO classification, shifting from a purely anatomical classification to a risk-based classification. It is important in pathology reports to specify the histological type of the tumor, the grade for endometrioid tumors, the presence or absence of lymphovascular space invasion, and the extent of the tumor (myometrial invasion, involvement of the serosa, cervix, vagina, adnexa, or neighboring organs). These essential points are included in the 2023 FIGO classification and will enable precise staging of the tumor. This article aims to clarify and simplify the classification of patients according to the new 2023 FIGO classification for endometrial cancer.

Primitive cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are lymphomas clinically restricted to skin at diagnosis in opposite to skin localizations of systemic lymphomas. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are the most frequent. Beside mycosis fungoides and related forms, CD30+ lymphoproliferations (lymphomatoid papulosis, anaplastic large cell primitive cutaneous T-cell lymphomas) and erythrodermic T-cell lymphomas which constitute the main entities, other rare lymphomas are described: panniculitis like alpha/beta lymphoma, gamma/delta lymphoma, epidermotropic CD8+ aggressive lymphoma, small to medium T-cell lymphomas and acral CD8+ lymphoproliferations. Clinical skin examination and skin biopsy examination are crucial for diagnosis but recent advances in molecular genetics bring promising tools for diagnostic. Thanks to international cooperative groups, treatment of mycosis fungoides, CD30+ lymphoproliferations and erythrodermic lymphomas is now well established which is not the case for the other entities. Treatments may be classified in five categories: skin directed therapies, systemic non-chemotherapeutic treatments, immunomodulators, targeted immunotherapies and chemotherapies.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the absence of overexpression of HER2. Accounting for 10 to 15% of breast cancers, it remains characterized by an aggressive phenotype with an increased risk of early recurrence and overall survival less favorable compared to other subtypes. The challenges in management and therapeutic evolution are likely related to the demonstrated high biological heterogeneity of this subtype. Regarding therapeutic management, chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of TNBC treatment. In the early stage, the neoadjuvant strategy is the standard, allowing adaptation of the adjuvant sequence depending on whether a complete histological response is achieved or not. Dose-dense chemotherapy regimens and the addition of carboplatin have been associated with an improvement in these response rates. Furthermore, immunotherapy, particularly pembrolizumab, has shown significant benefits in terms of recurrence-free survival. In the metastatic setting, the role of theranostic markers is now established, allowing access to immunotherapy (pembrolizumab if CPS PD-L1>10%) or PARP inhibitors (in case of constitutional BRCA mutation). Antibody-drug conjugates are gradually moving up the lines, offering promising prospects in these complex situations. In conclusion, despite recent progress, TNBC remains a major clinical challenge. A better understanding of its biology and a personalized therapeutic approach are essential to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this aggressive form of breast cancer.

In the evolving landscape of cancer research, the identification of key molecular players that contribute to the disease's progression and resistance against treatments has become paramount. Among these, Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) has emerged as a critical regulator of cancer cell proliferation, survival, and therapy evasion. Concurrently, the significance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in modulating gene expression and cancer phenotypes has been increasingly recognized. Given the pivotal roles both MELK and ncRNAs play within cancer biology, investigating their interactions presents a compelling new frontier for therapeutic innovation. This exploration not only promises to enhance our understanding of cancer's molecular underpinnings but also opens up avenues for developing novel targeted interventions. The rationale behind focusing on MELK-ncRNA crosstalk lies in the potential to disrupt these critical molecular interactions, thereby offering a novel strategy to counteract cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes.

The incidence of follicular-derived thyroid cancers has increased worldwide in recent decades, mainly papillary thyroid cancers at low recurrence risk. A process of de-escalation in the initial management and follow-up of these patients has therefore been implemented in parallel. This article provides the best practice recommendations made by the French learned societies (Société française d'endocrinologie, Société française de médecine nucléaire, Association française de chirurgie endocrine, Société française d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie de la face et du cou), european and international learned societies (European Society for Medical Oncology and the American Thyroid Association), in the management of follicular-derived thyroid cancer without distant metastases. The extent of thyroid surgery and lymph node dissection, strategies of radioiodine ablation, follow-up protocols and the management of excellent prognosis papillary cancers ≤ 10 mm will be addressed.

TREATING RADIO-IODINE REFRACTORY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER IN 2024: About 5 to 10% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have advanced tumors at presentation or recurrence, with invasive cervical disease and/or distant metastases that cannot be effectively treated by conventional treatment, i.e. thyroid surgery and radioactive iodine. These DTC cases are defined as refractory to radioiodine (RAIR) and require expert multidisciplinary management. In France, patients are referred to centers of the ENDOCAN-TUTHYREF Network. This review summarizes current management of RAIR DTC patients and therapeutic options available in 2024. We discuss following topics : epidemiological data, modalities of local ablative treatment for selected metastatic lesions, molecular tests to be performed, optimum timing for initiating systemic therapy, choice of first-line treatment among validated tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), alternative targeted treatments (including selective TKIs adapted to the molecular profile, some of which can redifferentiate and restore radioactive iodine uptake), proactive management of TKI side effects, and finally give an overview of systemic strategies. Management of RAIR DTC is still challenging but substantial progress has been made over the last decade that has significantly improved outcome for these more aggressive thyroid cancer.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA MANAGEMENT IN 2024: Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) represent a rare and undifferentiated form of thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis, typically marked by a median overall survival of four to ten months. However, recent advances have shown improvements due to the more systematic application of molecular testing, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, alongside the establishment of rapid specialized care protocols in expert centers. Clinically, ATCs often present as a rapidly enlarging cervical mass originating from the thyroid, causing neck, pain and tenderness, dyspnea and dys-phagia, and associated lymphadenopathy, typically in elderly patients. Diagnostic confirmation requires an urgent biopsy, reviewed by a pathologist within the TUTHYREF-path network, with a mandatory search for BRAF molecular alterations. Following diagnosis, care coordination is expedited within an expert center of the ENDOCAN-TUTHYREF network whenever feasible. Initial surgery is rarely an option due to frequent loco-regional cervical invasion. A multimodal treatment approach is essential: BRAF/MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib/trametinib) in cases of BRAF mutation, or chemotherapy in the absence of a molecular target, combined with radiotherapy and, potentially, surgery if the disease becomes resectable following induction therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with targeted therapies, has shown potential to extend survival in some patients; however, predictive biomarkers and the optimal sequencing of immunotherapy (whether as induction and/or maintenance) require further clarification and may vary depending on the clinical context.

WHO CLASSIFICATION 2022, BETHESDA SYSTEM 2023, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR TESTING: Thyroid pathology has experienced significant advances with the publication of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors in 2022 and the third edition of the Bethesda system for thyroid cytopathology in 2023. At the same time, the availability of next-generation sequencing data coupled with numerous translational research projects have considerably increased our knowledge of the genomics and mechanics of thyroid cancers, enabling us to refine prognosis and propose new targeted therapies. In this review, we will take up the main new features of the WHO 2022 and Bethesda 2023 classifications, as well as molecular biology findings, with an emphasis on the practical implications for clinicians.

MANAGING MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN 2024: Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine thyroid cancer with a heterogeneous prognosis which has the particularity of being associated with a RET gene mutation, germline in 20-25% of cases in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (NEM2), and somatic in 70% of sporadic cases. It is often diagnosed on a thyroid nodule or in the context of genetic screening. Calcitonin is a biological marker, used for diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic response and prognostic evaluation. The only curative treatment is surgery for localized disease. The extent must be carefully assessed, particularly in terms of calcitonin levels and imaging, and carried out by an expert surgeon. The prognosis of locally advanced or metastatic disease is highly heterogeneous. Histological factors, such as high grade, or biological factors, such as calcitonin doubling time, can help assess prognosis. The development of multi-kinase inhibitors cabonzantinib and vandetanib, and RET-targeted inhibitors selpercatinib, has completely changed the therapeutic arsenal for advanced disease, but their prescription is reserved to progressive disease with high tumor volume or to symptomatic disease inaccessible to local treatment in expert centers from the ENDOCAN-TUTHYREF network. Active surveillance is the alternative of choice for slowly progressing disease.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND THYROID CANCERS IN 2024: IODINE 131, PET AND NEW THERANOSTIC APPROACHES: Nuclear medicine has long been a mainstay in the management of thyroid cancers. In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common histotype, radioiodine (RAI, 131I) has been for years a cornerstone for the treatment of RAI-avid metastases. Post-therapeutic 131I scintigraphy helps guide these treatments and contributes to the definition of refractory cancers. In these refractory patients, who represent fewer than 5% of CTDs, FDG PET plays a central diagnostic and prognostic role. From a therapeutic perspective, RAI uptake can be re-induced in some of these patients with the BRAF mutation by using redifferentiation protocols. In anaplastic thyroid cancer (A TC) that is rare, aggressive and undifferentiated, FDG PET remains the metabolic imaging of choice. In medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), PET imaging is mainly based on the use of 18F-DOPA, even if FDG also provides prognostic data and 68Ga-DOTATOC could allow a theranostic approach. Other radiopharmaceuticals offering new theranostic avenues in thyroid cancers are also discussed, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). After decades of a "one-size fits all" approach in thyroid cancer management, molecular imaging is paving the way towards personalized medicine.