To compare the effectiveness of two surgical approaches in the management of exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) cases with significant overshoot and retraction.

To evaluate the quality and reliability of patient-targeted videos about childhood glaucoma on the YouTube platform.

To review the current literature, to provide a foundation of knowledge on strabismus surgery in patients with developmental delay, and to present results from the authors' personal experience.

To evaluate ocular treatment adherence and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with cystinosis in southwestern Ontario, where the disease incidence is higher due to a founder effect in the Old Order Amish population.

To evaluate the ability of the monocular QuickSee Free (QSF) portable autorefractor (PlenOptika) to detect and measure refractive error relative to gold standard cycloplegic retinoscopy in a population of school-aged children in a low-resource setting in The Gambia.

To analyze pediatric ophthalmology-related information on Instagram (Meta Platforms, Inc).

To assess the appropriateness and readability of responses provided by four large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT-4, Claude 3, Gemini, and Microsoft Co-pilot) to parents' queries pertaining to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

To study the clinical profile of patients with orbital myositis and their management modalities and predictive factors for recurrence.

To evaluate "beezin," a social media trend that involves applying Burt's Bees Lip Balm to the eyelids to induce intoxication, which has the potential to cause ocular problems.

To investigate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to direct parents of infants with the disease to access more accurate content.

This is a case report of a female infant with two rare pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities: partial trisomy of chromosome 3 (3q25.2 to 3q29) and partial monosomy of chromosome 4 (4q34.1 to 4q35.2). A comprehensive evaluation and literature review revealed ocular and systemic malformations not previously described in association with either chromosomal aberration. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed to confirm the chromosomal abnormalities. A thorough literature search was conducted to contextualize the findings within existing knowledge of similar chromosomal aberrations. Genetic analysis revealed an unbalanced translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 3 and 4, resulting in partial trisomy of chromosome 3 (3q25.2 to 3q29) and partial monosomy of chromosome 4 (4q34.1 to 4q35.2). Ocular anomalies included nystagmus, epicanthus, lagophthalmos, entropion, megalocornea, corneal clouding, infantile glaucoma, high myopia, and retinal hyperpigmentation. The patient would undergo bilateral lower eyelid rotation and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculectomy procedures in the management of her congenital malformations. The distinct ophthalmic abnormalities observed represent novel features within the spectrum of partial trisomy three and partial monosomy four at the specified breakpoints. The literature search unveiled the previously documented features associated with genetic translocation and confirmed various novel features specific to our patient's phenotype. Further research will be essential to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying these ocular manifestations and their implications for the clinical management of cases. .

The authors report a case of a 66-year-old man with sudden-onset diplopia and redness in the left eye. The examination revealed left hypotropia with exotropia and limited elevation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and histopathology suggested inferior rectus myositis with fibrosis. The patient was treated with steroid pulse therapy, followed by slow tapering. Later, the patient underwent surgical strabismus correction. He remained diplopia-free with an excellent cosmetic outcome and minimal elevation deficit 12 months postoperatively. .

Patients with keratoconus may lack sufficient understanding of their illness. The authors assessed the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT (OpenAI) responses to common questions regarding keratoconus and found that the provided data are precise, with minor inaccuracies. The complexity of responses requires a high reading level, which may be unsuitable for many patients. .

The authors present the case of a 5-year-old boy who developed a unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) following mild head trauma with supporting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. At 2 months of follow-up, the patient had resolution of diplopia and only minimal residual nystagmus. Although rare in the children, INO can develop following head trauma. Management should include work-up to exclude etiologies beyond trauma (specifically with MRI, which is superior to computed tomography imaging in evaluating INO) followed by observation and, if needed, comanagement of any amblyogenic potential from ocular misalignment. .

Oculomotor synkinesis is an unusual phenomenon that encompasses various presentations with few associations reported in the literature. It can occur with or without a previous setting of oculomotor nerve injury. The authors present the first reported case of bilateral congenital trochlear-oculomotor synkinesis in a 5-month-old infant. .

The authors describe surgical occlusion with levator resection and partial tarsorrhaphy as a treatment for nystagmus with oscillopsia refractory to medical or surgical therapies. This was a case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome with high myopia and acquired sensory pendular nystagmus in both eyes, where a well-known technique was applied to a novel indication. Permanent occlusion of the left eye led to significant improvement in visual acuity and reduced oscillopsia, enhancing the psychological and social functioning. This case highlights the complexity of treating refractory nystagmus with oscillopsia and proposes surgical occlusion as a viable option for improving patient outcomes in severe cases. .