Due to a lack of awareness and inadequate health infrastructure, the treatment gap for any mental illness is increasing in lower- and middle-income countries, including India. As an alternative to institutional treatment, community de-addiction camps play an important role.

Substance use disorder profoundly affects not only the individuals with the condition but also their family members, particularly children. The impact on children can be long-lasting, influencing their development and well-being throughout their lives. The study explored the determinants of perceived shame in young adults with paternal substance use disorder in Pakistan.

The large majority (over 70%) of American Indian adolescents who reside in cities rather than tribal lands or rural areas report relatively earlier onset of substance use and more harmful associated health effects, compared to their non-Native peers.

Maternal smoking increases adverse risks for both the mother's pregnancy and the unborn child and remains disproportionately high among some Indigenous peoples. Decreasing smoking among pregnant Indigenous women has been identified as a health priority in New Zealand because of wide inequities in smoking-related harms. Using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, this feasibility study assessed the acceptability and potential efficacy of a novel cessation program designed for Indigenous women by Indigenous experts utilizing traditional knowledge and practice. COVID-19 lockdowns displaced program delivery to online teaching videos, social media and a smartphone app using augmented reality. The target population comprised adult (≥22 years) women who self-identified as Māori, were in the first or second trimester, and currently smoked and wanted to quit. Based on the response to our advertisements (>500 individuals) and the short period of time (<2 weeks) it took to recruit participants, the program appeared to be acceptable. Furthermore, it achieved high retention (20/24 (83%) women remained at the 16-week follow-up), and facilitated maintenance of high motivation to stop smoking. By the end of the program, 9/20 (45%) of participants reported not smoking. A consistently mentioned value of the program was that it increased the participants' knowledge of Māori culture, particularly about pregnancy, birthing, and post-natal support. This study supports the potential for traditional knowledge and healing methods alongside contemporary communication tools such as mobile apps and augmented reality to increase the attractiveness and reach of smoking cessation programs for pregnant Indigenous women, even if delivered online.

The present study examined the effects of cultural factors(ethnic identity, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and religiosity), derived from the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model, on attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans across the United States. The study consisted of a final sample of 454 Iranian/Persian American adult participants. The results indicated that Iranian/Persian American attitudes toward prescription drug use are impacted by demographic and cultural factors. Less heritage acculturation was found to be a predictor of attitudes toward the use of recreational and achievement-oriented prescription drug use. Further, perceived discrimination, specifically, perceived stigmatization and threat/aggression as well as less identification with Iranian/Persian heritage culture, were found to predict more positive attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans. Religiosity was not found to be predictive of prescription drug usage. The present study underscores the usefulness of considering the impact of Iranian/Persian American ethnic identity, acculturation, and perceived discrimination in treating substance abuse within this population. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of a community-based rehabilitation program for voluntary and court-mandated drug users in the Philippines. Participants went through a bio-psycho-social-spiritual group-based program that aimed to develop their recovery skills and life skills. The program also included family modules to enhance their knowledge of drug use, its effects, and the role of family in recovery. A cohort design was used with pre- and posttest surveys administered before and immediately after the program. The sample consisted of 105 voluntary clients and 118 court-mandated clients who underwent screening or drug dependency evaluation and were recommended for community-based treatment. The program was conducted weekly by trained paraprofessionals. Results reveal significant improvements in recovery and life skills, well-being, quality of life, and family support for both voluntary and court-mandated clients. No significant differences were found between groups, suggesting that community-based interventions are a viable alternative to inpatient or treatment in closed settings for both voluntary and court-mandated clients.

Research shows that risky behavior peaks in young adulthood, endangering young adult's mental health and making it difficult for them to grow up to be responsible members of society. As a result, this study aimed to adapt the Risk Behavior Scale into Amharic and examine the relationships between risky behaviors, loneliness, and coping self-efficacy. A cross-sectional research design was used and convenience sampling was employed to gather data from a total of 242 Ethiopian university students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out to test the factor structures of the Risky Behaviors Scale. The CFA results validated the scale's four-factor structures (χ2 = 435, df = 183, ( < .001), CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.08, and SRMR =0.05). This would make it possible for mental health experts to research the psychological impacts of risky behaviors (alcohol use, suicidality, drug use, and khat use) in Ethiopian young adults. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that male gender and loneliness were predictors of risky behavior. This research holds significant implications for interventions that attempt to reduce loneliness in young adults to alter their vulnerabilities to risky behaviors.

Substance misuse is a seriously risky behavior in young adulthood. To protect and support the psychological health of university students, the risk factors and protective factors related to substance misuse should be examined. This study aims to examine the serial mediating role of mindfulness and resilience in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and substance misuse. The sample of the study consists of a total of 383 university students, 269 female (70.2%) and 114 male (29.8%), aged between 18 and 28 years ( = 20.849,  = 1.773). Research findings have proven that childhood psychological maltreatment is an important predictor of mindfulness, resilience, and substance misuse. The following results revealed that mindfulness and resilience played a partially serial mediating role in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and substance misuse. The findings indicated that childhood psychological maltreatment is an important risk factor for substance misuse, and mindfulness and resilience may be protective factors in this relationship. All these results suggest that psychoeducational interventions that increase the mindfulness and resilience levels of young adults may contribute to alleviating substance misuse in individuals exposed to childhood psychological maltreatment.

Asian Americans are highly underrepresented in opioid use research, despite recent studies demonstrating the presence of opioid use behaviors in Asian Americans and distinct negative outcomes of opioid use among Asian Americans in comparison to White adults. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect are important risk factors that may impact opioid use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the associations between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse and emotional neglect) and opioid use, and (b) the role of distress intolerance as a moderator. 279 Asian American participants completed an online remote survey. Our findings revealed that childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect were both significantly and positively associated with opioid use. We found that distress intolerance moderated the association between childhood emotional abuse and opioid use such that at low levels of emotional abuse, participants who exhibited greater distress intolerance displayed greater opioid use. These findings indicate that emotional abuse and neglect are specific forms of childhood trauma that are significantly associated with opioid use, perhaps as a maladaptive coping mechanism that capitalizes on the analgesic effects of opioids on the psychological pain from childhood emotional trauma. Additionally, marginalized populations that demonstrate distress intolerance may suffer negative health outcomes such as opioid use.

This article focuses on findings of a qualitative research study that looked at experiences of Filipino healthcare workers in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is to contribute to the growing body of literature on mental health among racialized frontline healthcare workers in Canada by investigating factors that affect mental health and barriers associated with accessing services and supports among Filipino healthcare workers in Ontario, Canada. The study employed a cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design to identify strategies that Filipino frontline healthcare workers use to effectively cope with mental health issues, work stress, and structural and economic barriers to their well-being. The study conducted in-depth semi-structured and open-ended interviews with 15 female Filipino healthcare workers. Findings indicate that social support received from colleagues, managers, families, and friends, through forms of assistance and protection, are crucial for dealing with various mental health stressors in the workplace during healthcare crises. Participants indicated that adequate social support help frontline healthcare professionals effectively manage stressful events, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Substance usage is a growing concern among tribal communities in the southern region of Kerala, as it is associated with various social, health, and economic problems. alcohol being the most commonly abused substance. This is particularly true in Southern Kerala, where the prevalence of alcohol abuse among tribal communities is estimated to be between 20% and 30%. The prevalence of alcohol use was higher among male tribal members compared to female tribal members who initiated alcohol misuse at a younger age due to parental influence, home environment, and peer pressure.

This qualitative narrative study investigates how social services among African immigrant youth in Toronto can be reimagined and provided in intersectional ways that are just and responsive to their specific and unique needs. The study interviewed 6 African Youths living in Toronto. The study employed an eclectic theory to argue for reimagining of policy that drive homelessness in Canada. The themes that came out of this study are: Homelessness is not African, The walls are squeezing me: Intersectional homelessness. African values and spiritualities are my survival tactic and policy resolution. The study calls all social work researchers and practitioners to work with African communities in providing social services that are attuned to African lived realities, values, and histories rather than relying on market-branded solutions for the "African problem," such as cultural competency frameworks that continue to mark and market African bodies for profit. The study employs an African-centered perspective to bring forth new approaches to African bodies in diaspora. The study looks at homelessness as a neoliberal concept intended to designate some bodies as improper and out of place while equally producing profit for the capital. Based on African immigrant youth narratives, homelessness is a foreign term in African cosmogonies since African people live with nature.

Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) is a worldwide practice that is crucial in anti-drug efforts. This study aimed to provide compherensive information about the WDT applications in Türkiye with data obtained from two major cities in two different regions of Türkiye.

Black/African American (hereafter, Black) adults who smoke are at risk for tobacco-related health disparities in the United States (US). Although racial-based stressors (e.g., discrimination) are associated with smoking among this group, past work has not characterized individual differences in negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress in terms of smoking. The present investigation sought to address this limitation and evaluate the incremental validity of negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress on smoking processes after accounting for clinically important covariates. Participants included 517 Black individuals from the US who endorsed daily cigarette smoking (≥5 cigarettes per day,  = 45.1 years of age, 51.5% female). Results indicated that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress was associated with an increased risk of severity of problems when quitting (Δ = .01), perceived barriers for smoking cessation (Δ = .03), and addictive (Δ = .03) as well as negative mood reduction smoking motives (Δ = .04); with effects evident after adjusting for frequency of racial/ethnic discrimination and other factors (e.g., drug use problems). Overall, the present findings provide novel empirical evidence that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress among Black adults in the US is associated with several smoking processes implicated in the maintenance and relapse of smoking.

This study aims to evaluate women's smoking and hookah use from a male perspective in the context of gender. The study was completed with a total of 716 male participants. Data were collected with the Introductory Information Form, Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT), Lebanon Hookah Dependence Scale LHDS-11), and Social Gender Perception Scale (SGPS) and evaluated with the correlation between them. The mean age of the male participants was 34.93 ± 12.95 years. Among them, 42.4% had completed high school, and 50.8% were married. A significant correlation was observed between the SGPS total scores of the participants and the following variables: age, marital status, employment status, and the type of family in which the participants were raised ( < 0.05). The participants did not perceive a woman who smoked cigarettes or a hookah to be free or strong. Additionally, they asserted that a woman who smoked was incapable of having healthy children. The total score on the FNDS for the male participants was found to be positively correlated with the LHDS-11 ( = .372) and negatively correlated with the SGPS (r = -0.186). The correlation between the LHDS-11 total score and the SGPS was found to be very weak and negative (r = -0.088), with a p-value less than 0.05. The findings indicated that male respondents perceived women's smoking and hookah use to be incongruent with social norms. It was determined that the participants generally evaluated cigarette and hookah use negatively, citing social reasons as the primary motivation rather than health concerns.

The issue of substance use disorders among college students is a growing problem that has been widely studied and reported on in recent years. However, the experiences of black college students in recovery have been largely underrepresented. Although white college students tend to have higher rates of substance use, black college students face unique challenges in accessing resources that support recovery from substance use disorders. This article will highlight the experiences of black college students in recovery, the barriers they face, the importance of collegiate recovery community programs in addressing these barriers, and the need for more programs that cater to these experiences. Through an exploration of literature and current efforts, this article aims to emphasize the significance of collegiate recovery among black college students and a need for the implementation of culturally sensitive and responsive programs at historically black colleges and universities.

Substance abuse has been an increasingly common entity among youth, that has turned into one of the major concerns for almost all countries in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of inpatient and outpatient treatment practises for adolescent diagnosed with susbtance use disorder (SUD).

Drug consumption among young women in Bangladesh is increasing day by day. The research aims to analyze the factors influencing young females to take drugs in Bangladesh. This exploratory study was carried out using a qualitative research method. Primary data were collected via in-depth interviews. Seventeen addicted young women from Bangladesh were chosen for this study by a snowball sampling technique. The data from the interviews were thoroughly examined. Intimate relationships with family and friends have the greatest impact on women's drug use. Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 and SDG target 3.5, the study underscores the critical need for gender-sensitive approaches to address the unique vulnerabilities faced by young women. The findings revealed several factors that significantly impacted drug consumption among young women in Bangladesh, including the influence of social groups and peers, family-related issues, inadequate awareness and education on drugs, the ready availability of drugs, and psychological factors such as stress and curiosity. Additionally, women who use drugs often face severe social stigma and gender-based violence, which deters them from seeking help and exacerbates their addiction. Limited access to health services due to economic and societal constraints further hinders their ability to receive proper care and support. Implementing strategies that address these gender-specific factors will not only help mitigate drug abuse but also contribute to improved public health outcomes and advance sustainable development.

There is evidence that substance use and smoking cause some adverse effects on the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to assess dyspnea severity, respiratory muscle strength, cough capacity, and sleep quality in people with substance use disorder (SUD). Forty eight individuals with SUD and 28 active cigarette smokers participated in the study. Participants' dyspnea severity was assessed using the Modified Medical Research Council Scale, respiratory muscle strength was measured with a portable electronic mouth pressure device, peak cough flow was assessed with a Peak Flow Meter, and sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The amount of daily cigarette smoking and dyspnea severity were significantly higher in individuals with SUD ( < .001). Peak cough flow values, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), MIP (%predicted), and MEP (%predicted) were not significantly different between the SUD patients and the active cigarette smokers ( > .05). However, PSQI sub-parameters such as subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, use of sleeping medication, and total scores showed significant differences between the SUD patients and the active cigarette smokers ( < .05,  < .001,  = .03,  < .001,  < .001, respectively). Individuals with SUD were found to have higher dyspnea and poorer sleep quality than active smokers. However, respiratory muscle strength and cough capacities were similar.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of relapse tendency in male drug abusers and provide empirical evidence for reducing relapse tendency of drug abusers. A survey was conducted on 310 male individuals with drug addiction using Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Relapse Tendency Scale (RTS). (1) Stress is significantly positively correlated with the relapse tendency of individuals with drug addiction; (2) Stress indirectly affects relapse tendency through regulatory emotional self-efficacy; (3) Regulatory emotional self-efficacy can directly and negatively predict relapse tendency, and can also indirectly and negatively predict relapse tendency through coping style. Stress coping theory, tension elimination theory, and the self-administration hypothesis are applicable to explain the tendency to relapse due to stress among compulsory isolated drug abusers in China; Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between stress and relapse tendency of male individuals with drug addiction.