This review aims to elucidate the role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the outcomes of pediatric patients with sinogenic intracranial infections.

Robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly used in pediatric otolaryngology, offering potential benefits like improved cosmetic outcomes. However, challenges such as longer operative times, higher costs, and a steep learning curve remain.

Voice onset time (VOT) has been identified as a potential temporal cue for predicting children's performance in speech-in-noise tasks, yet the relationship between these two factors has never been explored among children using CI. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the performance of children using CI on temporal cue-based syllable categorization test and speech perception in noise and examine the relationship between the two.

We aimed to compare the effects of microdebrider adenoidectomy, curettage adenoidectomy through oral cavity under 70°endoscope, and endoscopic transoral low-temperature ablation on adenoid hypertrophy.

To evaluate the impact of social vulnerability and social determinants of health on outcomes in pediatric medullary thyroid cancer.

This study aims to assess the utility of the European Academy of Otology & Neurotology - Japanese Otologic Society (EAONO-JOS) and Potsic staging systems in predicting recidivism in pediatric patients with congenital (CC), primary acquired (PA), and secondary acquired (SA) cholesteatoma.

To summarize the clinical characteristics and risk factors of occult foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children, which can help with early diagnosis and timely intervention, potentially preventing further exacerbations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in sleep architecture and types of sleep disturbances in preschool and school-age children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

In order to promote the use of AI technology as the auxiliary tool in pediatric otitis media diagnosis, we use the convolutional neural networks and deep learning for image classification and disease diagnosis. We also designed a Pediatric Otitis Media Classifier to analyze and classify the images for physicians.

Accidental tracheostomy decannulation (ATD) is a life-threatening event in pediatric patients. The factors associated with ATD in children are largely unknown. Utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Pediatric (NSQIP-P) dataset, we sought to identify the incidence of ATD and associated factors.

To determine the predictive value of chest X-ray for the depth of tracheal intubation in infants.

Children born with moderate hearing loss present with speech and language outcomes at both ends of the spectrum. To explore reasons for this, the objective of this study was to follow up a group of children born with moderate sensorineural hearing loss at 6 years of age (n = 7) by investigating their outcomes in hearing, speech, and language development from time point of hearing aid fitting at 6 months. Another objective was to investigate the relationship between earlier outcomes on precursing variables to the current status in auditory, speech and language development.

To investigate the incidence and timing of postoperative haemorrhage between intracapsular (ICT) and extracapsular tonsillectomy (ECT) techniques and evaluate factors influencing haemorrhage risk and severity.

A growing body of literature explores environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis, yielding variable results. We aim to clarify these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aerosol generating procedures pose a risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and comprise a large percentage of cases performed in otolaryngology. An optimal method to mitigate this hazard does not currently exist. This study examined methods to mitigate surgical aerosols from the operating room.

A diagnostic pathway to detect aspiration is challenging and usually requires a multidisciplinary approach and a variety of tests. Lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) was first described in 1985 by Corwin and Irwin as a promising tool to detect aspiration. Information in the literature as well as physicians' opinions about the clinical value of the LLMI remains controversial.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, resulting from maternal-fetal transmission of CMV, poses a substantial risk to maternal and child health. It is the most prevalent congenital viral infection, and the prevention and management of this condition rely heavily on the knowledge and awareness of healthcare professionals.

Children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) with difficult airways may require tracheostomy, and surgery can be challenging. This review aims to study the indications, surgical aspects, postoperative complications and outcomes of tracheostomy in MPS children.

Microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) for head and neck reconstruction is infrequently performed in pediatric patients. There is a paucity of data on perioperative airway management in pediatric MVFTT, such as the need for tracheostomy, which can pose higher morbidity to young patients due to potential long-term effects on the softer, more pliable laryngotracheal cartilage. Our objective was to report airway outcomes on pediatric patients undergoing MVFTT after segmental mandibulectomy with or without tracheostomy.

Referrals for recurrent epistaxis constitute a significant proportion of paediatric ENT consultations. In order to improve access to secondary care, a nurse-led paediatric epistaxis clinic (NPEC) was developed in collaboration with ENT specialist nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of NPEC at our institution and to assess the impact including safety, parental satisfaction and referral-to-clinic times.

Microtia is a prevalent congenital malformation, the precise etiology and pathogenesis of which remain elusive. Mutations in the non-coding region of the HMX1 gene have been implicated in isolated cases of microtia, emerging as a significant focus of contemporary research. Several pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) proximal to the HMX1 gene have been documented in wild animal populations, whereas only a single large segmental duplication in this region has been identified in humans. However, the absence of a gene-edited animal model has impeded the investigation of the unclear gene function associated with HMX1 mutations in human isolated microtia. In this study, we sought to precisely identify the pathogenic mutation by analyzing three pedigrees alongside population controls. Subsequently, our objective was to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited mouse model to elucidate the functional implications of the identified mutation.