Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in children and adults. Pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of ADHD treatment. Stimulants such as methylphenidate are effective and have been one of the best studied and most frequently used treatment for ADHD. However, different delivery mechanisms and devices may potentially impact patient experience and real-life outcomes.

Chronic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia affect patients' functioning, making caregiving necessary although burdensome.

Adolescent pregnancy carries significant global ramifications. Community health workers (CHWs) play a role in empowering adolescents through counselling skills, thereby promoting informed decision-making for better outcomes.

Cannabis is the most widely used substance worldwide, and its use is much higher among adolescents. However, adolescents are at higher risk of negative sequelae secondary to this use, including the possible development of mental disorders. On 31 March 2017, the South African High Court ruled that cannabis use by an adult in a private dwelling should be decriminalised.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used as part of clinical practice to determine the impact of the condition and treatment interventions on a patient's health and quality of life. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a self-administered diagnostic tool that has been widely adopted for the detection and monitoring of depression.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed the psychological functioning of mental healthcare practitioners under severe strain. Coping methods may affect mental health outcomes.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), substance use, depressive symptoms, and HIV outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) have not been comprehensively investigated within a single study.

In recovery-oriented mental health care, family members of mental health care users form part of the caring team. Families are expected to care for mental health care users without support in the under-resourced rural Vhembe district in South Africa.

Personality disorders (PDs) are estimated to occur in 6.8% of South Africans and in 45% to 80% of clinical populations. Mental health practitioners often harbour negative attitudes and lack confidence in working with such patients. Brief training in transference focused psychotherapy (TFP) has been shown to improve attitudes and confidence in the management of clinical encounters with PD.

Negative attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among health professionals have been attributed to a lack of knowledge, despite advancements in its administration and evidence of its efficacy in certain psychiatric conditions.

Body shaming, a pervasive issue, has severe psychological and societal repercussions, particularly for early adolescents. This study addresses the gap in understanding body shaming in smaller urban settings such as Jember City, often overlooked in favour of larger metropolitan areas.

Adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) are more vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. Despite this knowledge, the screening for depression is not routinely integrated into HIV treatment programmes.

Chronic dystonia, characterised by sustained muscle contractions and abnormal postures, poses clinical challenges, especially when associated with antipsychotic medication use.

Depression is reported as one of the most common mental disorders. Research on Indian men's understandings of depression is limited.

Non-compliance with psychiatric medication among patients diagnosed with depression ranges from 28% to 52% exacerbating illness and reducing treatment effectiveness. There is a paucity of research on medication non-compliance and its causes in South Africa and globally, and an urgent need to develop appropriate interventions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2260.].

Lithium-induced neurotoxicity is almost always reversible but can cause irreversible neurological sequelae, namely the syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT). As there is no definitive treatment for SILENT, caution is required when administering lithium. Reports on the effect of lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity on cognitive function are limited. We report a case in which high cognitive function was lost after lithium overdose and hardly recovered, as evaluated using multiple neuropsychological tests during a 1-year hospitalisation period.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is characterised by severe emotion regulation difficulties, particularly anger and irritability, in children. Despite the impact of attachment on emotional and behavioural regulation, the link between attachment style and DMDD is under-researched.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, with a chronic, and potentially debilitating course if untreated. Medication adherence is poor - negatively affecting emotional, social, educational and employment outcomes. The current Schedule 6 status of methylphenidate (MPH) drives healthcare resource utilisation and costs - a potential barrier to care.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted on a range of physical, mental and societal health indices. Increased levels of psychological stress are often reported following pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, affecting individuals, including those with mental illness, through early and widespread information dissemination. Although the neurobiological basis of delusions remains unclear, external stimuli and historical events are known to influence them. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to explore this phenomenon.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, disabling mental illness that may require recurrent hospitalisation. The length of hospital stay (LOS) for BD patients is variable, and literature suggests that this is because of clinical and socio-demographic factors.

Non-psychotic mental disorders are common during the perinatal period. In South Africa, there are few studies on antenatal anxiety and these results vary. Antenatal anxiety does not only add to the burden of perinatal co-morbidity but has subsequent immediate and long-term effects on the mother, birth outcomes and her offspring.

Studies show that youth in low socioeconomic communities suffer significant disturbances in mental and emotional health because of exposure to violence and peer victimisation, manifesting in internalising disorders such as depression, anxiety and traumatic stress.

Older adults have a high prevalence of chronic conditions like arthritis with morbidities, especially depression ranging up to 40% - 70%. Therefore, it is important to explore depression in older adults with arthritis.

Readmission rates to child and adolescent psychiatric units among the youth have been reported to be increasing.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) negatively impacts the physical and mental well-being of stroke survivors. However, data on the prevalence and risk factors of PSD in African countries such as Cameroon are limited.